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Wireless Sensor Networks
Technology, Protocols, and Applications
Kazem Sohraby (Author), Daniel Minoli (Author), Taieb Znati (Author)
9780471743002, Wiley
Hardback, published 8 May 2007
328 pages
23.8 x 16.4 x 2.2 cm, 0.594 kg
"…the best-written book in its subject area…a must-have volume for anyone interested in the potential of wireless sensor networks." (RFID Journal Online, August 20, 2007) "…a valuable contribution to the WSN literature…it will occupy a conspicuous place in the reader's library." (Computing Reviews.com, October 8, 2007)
Infrastructure for Homeland Security Environments
Wireless Sensor Networks helps readers discover the emerging field of low-cost standards-based sensors that promise a high order of spatial and temporal resolution and accuracy in an ever-increasing universe of applications. It shares the latest advances in science and engineering paving the way towards a large plethora of new applications in such areas as infrastructure protection and security, healthcare, energy, food safety, RFID, ZigBee, and processing.
Unlike other books on wireless sensor networks that focus on limited topics in the field, this book is a broad introduction that covers all the major technology, standards, and application topics. It contains everything readers need to know to enter this burgeoning field, including current applications and promising research and development; communication and networking protocols; middleware architecture for wireless sensor networks; and security and management.
The straightforward and engaging writing style of this book makes even complex concepts and processes easy to follow and understand. In addition, it offers several features that help readers grasp the material and then apply their knowledge in designing their own wireless sensor network systems:
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Examples illustrate how concepts are applied to the development and application of
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wireless sensor networks
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Detailed case studies set forth all the steps of design and implementation needed to solve real-world problems
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Chapter conclusions that serve as an excellent review by stressing the chapter's key concepts
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References in each chapter guide readers to in-depth discussions of individual topics
This book is ideal for networking designers and engineers who want to fully exploit this new technology and for government employees who are concerned about homeland security. With its examples, it is appropriate for use as a coursebook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students.
Preface xi About the Authors xiii 1 Introduction and Overview of Wireless Sensor Networks 1 1.1 Introduction, 1 1.1.1 Background of Sensor Network Technology, 2 1.1.2 Applications of Sensor Networks, 10 1.1.3 Focus of This Book, 12 1.2 Basic Overview of the Technology, 13 1.2.1 Basic Sensor Network Architectural Elements, 15 1.2.2 Brief Historical Survey of Sensor Networks, 26 1.2.3 Challenges and Hurdles, 29 1.3 Conclusion, 31 References, 31 2 Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks 38 2.1 Introduction, 38 2.2 Background, 38 2.3 Range of Applications, 42 2.4 Examples of Category 2 WSN Applications, 50 2.4.1 Home Control, 51 2.4.2 Building Automation, 53 2.4.3 Industrial Automation, 56 2.4.4 Medical Applications, 57 2.5 Examples of Category 1 WSN Applications, 59 2.5.1 Sensor and Robots, 60 2.5.2 Reconfigurable Sensor Networks, 62 2.5.3 Highway Monitoring, 63 2.5.4 Military Applications, 64 2.5.5 Civil and Environmental Engineering Applications, 67 2.5.6 Wildfire Instrumentation, 68 2.5.7 Habitat Monitoring, 68 2.5.8 Nanoscopic Sensor Applications, 69 2.6 Another Taxonomy of WSN Technology, 69 2.7 Conclusion, 71 References, 71 3 Basic Wireless Sensor Technology 75 3.1 Introduction, 75 3.2 Sensor Node Technology, 76 3.2.1 Overview, 76 3.2.2 Hardware and Software, 78 3.3 Sensor Taxonomy, 80 3.4 WN Operating Environment, 84 3.5 WN Trends, 87 3.6 Conclusion, 91 References, 91 4 Wireless Transmission Technology and Systems 93 4.1 Introduction, 93 4.2 Radio Technology Primer, 94 4.2.1 Propagation and Propagation Impairments, 94 4.2.2 Modulation, 101 4.3 Available Wireless Technologies, 103 4.3.1 Campus Applications, 105 4.3.2 MAN/WAN Applications, 120 4.4 Conclusion, 131 Appendix A: Modulation Basics, 131 References, 139 5 Medium Access Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks 142 5.1 Introduction, 142 5.2 Background, 143 5.3 Fundamentals of MAC Protocols, 144 5.3.1 Performance Requirements, 145 5.3.2 Common Protocols, 148 5.4 MAC Protocols for WSNs, 158 5.4.1 Schedule-Based Protocols, 161 5.4.2 Random Access-Based Protocols, 165 5.5 Sensor-MAC Case Study, 167 5.5.1 Protocol Overview, 167 5.5.2 Periodic Listen and Sleep Operations, 168 5.5.3 Schedule Selection and Coordination, 169 5.5.4 Schedule Synchronization, 170 5.5.5 Adaptive Listening, 171 5.5.6 Access Control and Data Exchange, 171 5.5.7 Message Passing, 172 5.6 IEEE 802.15.4 LR-WPANs Standard Case Study, 173 5.6.1 PHY Layer, 176 5.6.2 MAC Layer, 178 5.7 Conclusion, 192 References, 193 6 Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks 197 6.1 Introduction, 197 6.2 Background, 198 6.3 Data Dissemination and Gathering, 199 6.4 Routing Challenges and Design Issues in Wireless Sensor Networks, 200 6.4.1 Network Scale and Time-Varying Characteristics, 200 6.4.2 Resource Constraints, 201 6.4.3 Sensor Applications Data Models, 201 6.5 Routing Strategies in Wireless Sensor Networks, 202 6.5.1 WSN Routing Techniques, 203 6.5.2 Flooding and Its Variants, 203 6.5.3 Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation, 206 6.5.4 Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy, 210 6.5.5 Power-Efficient Gathering in Sensor Information Systems, 213 6.5.6 Directed Diffusion, 215 6.5.7 Geographical Routing, 219 6.6 Conclusion, 225 References, 225 7 Transport Control Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks 229 7.1 Traditional Transport Control Protocols, 229 7.1.1 TCP (RFC 793), 231 7.1.2 UDP (RFC 768), 233 7.1.3 Mobile IP, 233 7.1.4 Feasibility of Using TCP or UDP for WSNs, 234 7.2 Transport Protocol Design Issues, 235 7.3 Examples of Existing Transport Control Protocols, 237 7.3.1 CODA (Congestion Detection and Avoidance), 237 7.3.2 ESRT (Event-to-Sink Reliable Transport), 237 7.3.3 RMST (Reliable Multisegment Transport), 239 7.3.4 PSFQ (Pump Slowly, Fetch Quickly), 239 7.3.5 GARUDA, 239 7.3.6 ATP (Ad Hoc Transport Protocol), 240 7.3.7 Problems with Transport Control Protocols, 240 7.4 Performance of Transport Control Protocols, 241 7.4.1 Congestion, 241 7.4.2 Packet Loss Recovery, 242 7.5 Conclusion, 244 References, 244 8 Middleware for Wireless Sensor Networks 246 8.1 Introduction, 246 8.2 WSN Middleware Principles, 247 8.3 Middleware Architecture, 248 8.3.1 Data-Related Functions, 249 8.3.2 Architectures, 252 8.4 Existing Middleware, 253 8.4.1 MiLAN (Middleware Linking Applications and Networks), 253 8.4.2 IrisNet (Internet-Scale Resource-Intensive Sensor Networks Services), 254 8.4.3 AMF (Adaptive Middleware Framework), 255 8.4.4 DSWare (Data Service Middleware), 255 8.4.5 CLMF (Cluster-Based Lightweight Middleware Framework), 256 8.4.6 MSM (Middleware Service for Monitoring), 256 8.4.7 Em*, 256 8.4.8 Impala, 257 8.4.9 DFuse, 257 8.4.10 DDS (Device Database System), 258 8.4.11 SensorWare, 258 8.5 Conclusion, 259 References, 259 9 Network Management for Wireless Sensor Networks 262 9.1 Introduction, 262 9.2 Network Management Requirements, 262 9.3 Traditional Network Management Models, 263 9.3.1 Simple Network Management Protocol, 263 9.3.2 Telecom Operation Map, 264 9.4 Network Management Design Issues, 264 9.5 Example of Management Architecture: MANNA, 267 9.6 Other Issues Related to Network Management, 268 9.6.1 Naming, 269 9.6.2 Localization, 269 9.7 Conclusion, 270 References, 270 10 Operating Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks 273 10.1 Introduction, 273 10.2 Operating System Design Issues, 274 10.3 Examples of Operating Systems, 276 10.3.1 TinyOS, 276 10.3.2 Mate, 277 10.3.3 MagnetOS, 278 10.3.4 MANTIS, 278 10.3.5 OSPM, 279 10.3.6 EYES OS, 279 10.3.7 SenOS, 280 10.3.8 EMERALDS, 280 10.3.9 PicOS, 281 10.4 Conclusion, 281 References, 281 11 Performance and Traffic Management 283 11.1 Introduction, 283 11.2 Background, 283 11.3 WSN Design Issues, 286 11.3.1 MAC Protocols, 286 11.3.2 Routing Protocols, 286 11.3.3 Transport Protocols, 287 11.4 Performance Modeling of WSNs, 288 11.4.1 Performance Metrics, 288 11.4.2 Basic Models, 289 11.4.3 Network Models, 292 11.5 Case Study: Simple Computation of the System Life Span, 294 11.5.1 Analysis, 296 11.5.2 Discussion, 298 11.6 Conclusion, 300 References, 300 Index 303
Subject Areas: Electronics & communications engineering [TJ]
