Section VII. Population Studies: Vitamin D Deficiency, Nutrition, Sunlight, Genes & Trials 58. Methods of evaluating population studies of vitamin D: strengths & weaknesses 59. Worldwide vitamin D status 60. Vitamin D in Foods: An Evolution of Knowledge 61. Determinants of Vitamin D Deficiency from Sun Exposure: A Global Perspective 62. Vitamin D Fortification and Supplementation Policies to Correct Vitamin D Insufficiency/Deficiency Globally 63. Vitamin D and Food Fortification 64. Bariatric Surgery, Vitamin D, and Bone Loss 65. Genetics of the Vitamin D Endocrine System 66. Randomized Clinical Trials of Vitamin D for the Primary Prevention of Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease, with a Focus on the VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL (VITAL)

Section VIII. Disorders 67. Vitamin D deficiency and nutritional rickets in children 68. Vitamin D and Osteoporosis 69. Adult Vitamin D deficiency: fracture & fall prevention 70. Clinical Disorders of Phosphate Homeostasis 71. Vitamin D hydroxylation-deficient rickets, type 1A: CYP27B1 mutations 72. Hereditary 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D Resistant Rickets 73. The Role of Genetic Variation in CYP2R1, the Principal Vitamin D 25-hydroxylase, in Vitamin D Homeostasis 74. Infantile Hypercalcemia and CYP24A1 Mutations 75. Drug and Hormone Effects on Vitamin D Metabolism 76. Vitamin D and Organ Transplantation 77. The role of vitamin D in type 2 diabetes and hypertension 78. Vitamin D, obesity and the metabolic syndrome 79. Vitamin D and Renal Disease 80. Calcitriol and Analogs in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease 81. Idiopathic Hypercalciuria and Nephrolithiasis 82. Hypercalcemia Due to Vitamin D Toxicity 83. The Hypocalcemic Disorders 84. Vitamin D: Cardiovascular Effects and Vascular Calcification 85. Vitamin D and Paget’s Disease

Section IX. Vitamin D Analogs 86. Analogs of Calcitriol 87. Non-Secosteroidal Ligands and Modulators of VDR 88. Bile acid-derived vitamin D receptor ligands 89. Bifunctional Vitamin D Hybrid Molecules 90. Modulating Vitamin D Receptor–Coregulator Binding with Small Molecules 91. Extended-release Calcifediol in Renal Disease 92. Vitamin D Receptor Antagonists 93. Eldecalcitol and Osteoporosis

Section X. Vitamin D and Cancer 94. Overview of vitamin D actions in cancer 95. Vitamin D Status and Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prognosis 96. Effects of Vitamin D Derivatives on Differentiation, Cell Cycle and Apoptosis in Hematological Malignancies 97. Vitamin D actions in mammary gland and breast cancer: genomics, metabolism and stem cells 98. Vitamin D Urologic Cancers 99. Vitamin D and Colon Cancer 100. Vitamin D and Skin Cancer 101. Vitamin D and Lung Cancer 102. Vitamin D inflammation and cancer

Section XI. Immunity, Inflammation and Disease 103. Vitamin D and Tuberculosis 104. Vitamin D and Adaptive Immunology in Health and Disease 105. Vitamin D and Innate Immunity 106. Vitamin D and Diabetes 107. Vitamin D and Multiple Sclerosis 108. Vitamin D and Inflammatory Bowel Disease 109. Psoriasis and other Skin Diseases

Section XII. Therapeutic Applications and New Advances 110. Sunlight protection by vitamin D compounds 111. Vitamin D, Cardiovascular Disease and Hypertension 112. Vitamin D, Acute Respiratory Infection, and Asthma/COPD 113. Vitamin D and Muscle Performance in Athletes 114. Vitamin D: Presence and Function in the Eye 115. Adult vitamin D deficiency and adverse brain outcomes 116. Vitamin D in Pregnancy and Lactation: Moving into the Future 117. Vitamin D and Critically Ill ICU Patients