1 AI & IP: Ownership Rights in Industry 5.0 1
Pulkit Mogra

1.1 Introduction 2

1.2 Evolution of Artificial Intelligence System 4

1.3 Rights Upon the Fruits of AI: #TheConundrum 8

1.4 The Antidote to Conundrum: Work Made for Hire (WMFH) Model 12

Conclusion 16

References 17

2 Cybersecurity and Crime in Industry 4.0: An Analysis of Legal Aspects of Cybercrime 19
Jeevesh Sharma and Ashima Jain

2.1 Introduction 20

2.2 Industry 4.0 21

2.3 Cybercrime in the Digital Economy 22

2.3.1 Cybercrime and Organization 24

2.4 Cybercrime Statistics—Global Context 24

2.4.1 Cybercrime—Indian Context 25

2.4.2 Government Initiatives to Curb Cyber Frauds 26

2.4.3 Cybercrime Trends with Statistics 27

2.5 Cybersecurity 30

2.5.1 Measures to Protect from Cyberattacks 31

2.6 Legal Perspectives of Cybercrime and Their Penalty-Cases 32

2.6.1 Legal Aspects of Cybercrimes with Cases 34

2.7 Challenges of Cybersecurity 36

2.8 Conclusion 38

References 39

Weblinks 41

Case Links 41

3 Toward an Intelligent Cybersecurity System: The Role of Machine Learning 43
Oly Mishra and Vijaya Geeta Dharmavaram

3.1 Introduction 44

3.2 Machine Learning Paradigms 45

3.3 Machine Learning Applications 46

3.4 Machine Learning Applications in Cybersecurity 47

3.5 Machine Learning in Cybersecurity—Few Cases 48

3.6 Issues and Limitations of Machine Learning in Cybersecurity 51

3.7 Future Directions 52

3.8 Conclusion 53

References 54

4 ATP the New-Age Threat Vector and Cyberattack Trends 55
Akashdeep Bhardwaj and Sam Goundar

4.1 Introducing Advanced Persistent Threats 55

4.2 New-Age APT Attacks 58

4.3 Cyberattacks Trends 65

4.4 Reconnaissance 68

4.5 Initial Compromise 69

4.6 Establishing a Foothold 72

4.7 Exfiltration 73

4.8 Consolidation 75

4.9 Covering Tracks 76

4.10 Conclusion 77

References 78

5 Online Privacy in Artificial Intelligence Algorithms: Ethical and Legal Impacts of Technological Development and Exposure 79
Aditi Bharti and Gagandeep Kaur

5.1 Introduction 80

5.2 Understanding Artificial Intelligence 83

5.3 Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Personal Data 85

5.4 General Data Protection Regulation and Artificial Intelligence 88

5.5 Right to be Forgotten: Legal and Ethical Considerations of Data Processing by an AI 91

5.5.1 Can AI Actually Forget? 94

5.5.2 Privacy by Design 95

5.6 Conclusion 97

References 98

6 Exacerbation and Combat of Cyberattacks: The Dual Paradox of Machine Learning 101
Devika Sharma and Saket Sharma

6.1 Introduction 102

6.2 Concept of Machine Learning 103

6.3 Technologies Involved in Machine Learning and Their Impact on Cybersecurity 106

6.3.1 Big Data 106

6.3.2 Blockchain Technology 107

6.3.3 User and Entity Behavioral Analytics (UEBA) 108

6.4 Growing Role of Machine Learning in Cybersecurity 108

6.5 Applications of Machine Learning in Cybersecurity 109

6.6 Demerits of Using Machine Learning in Cybersecurity 112

6.7 Legal Framework for Cybersecurity in India 113

6.7.1 The Information Technology Rules (IT Rules) 114

6.7.2 The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 114

6.7.3 Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-IN) 115

6.8 Conclusion 115

References 117

7 Hacking the System: A Deep Dive into the World of E-Banking Crime 121
Swati Gupta

7.1 Introduction 122

7.2 Literature Review 124

7.2.1 Cyber Risk in the Financial Industry 124

7.2.2 E-Banking Crime 126

7.2.3 Reasons for the Rise in E-Banking Crimes 129

7.2.3.1 Theoretical Perspectives on the Rise in E-Banking Crimes 130

7.2.4 Impact of E-Banking Crimes on the Financial Sector 131

7.2.4.1 Theoretical Perspectives on the Impact of E-Banking Crimes 133

7.3 Combating E-Banking Crimes 135

7.3.1 Challenges in Combating E-Banking Crimes 136

7.4 E-Banking Crimes: Emerging Economies 138

7.4.1 India 140

7.4.2 Nigeria 141

7.5 Conclusion 142

References 144

8 Is Love a Crime-Decoding Cybercrimes in Online Dating and Risk Mitigation 149
Latika Choudhary and Hardik Daga

8.1 Introduction to Online Dating 150

8.1.1 The “Cons” of Online Dating 151

8.1.2 Do the Pros Outweigh the Cons? 152

8.2 Cybercrimes via Online Dating 153

8.3 Exploring the Law of India 159

8.3.1 Privacy and Online Dating 160

8.4 Laws Governing Dating Apps in India 161

8.4.1 The Constitution of India 161

8.4.2 The Indian Penal Code 1860 162

8.4.3 Information Technology Act 2000 162

8.4.4 Personal Data Protection Bill 2022 163

8.5 A Ray of Hope—is Mitigation Possible 165

References 167

9 Critical Analysis of the Role of Intermediaries with Respect to Cybercrimes in Cyberspace 171
Anwesha Pathak

Introduction 172

References 196

10 Cybercrime and AI: Issues and Solutions 199
Gagandeep Kaur, Darashiny Nivasan and Tanupriya Choudhury

10.1 Introduction 200

10.1.1 Definition 200

10.2 Literature Review 202

10.3 Nature of Artificial Intelligence 206

10.4 Artificial Intelligence Tools for Cybersecurity 209

10.5 Legal Challenges 211

10.6 Comparison of Indian and International Law 215

10.7 Conclusion 228

10.8 Suggestions 229

References 231

11 The Illusion of Bitcoin: The Rise and Fall of a Revolutionary Cryptocurrency 237
Ravi Kant

11.1 Mystery of Bitcoin: An Overview 238

11.1.1 What is Bitcoin? 238

11.1.2 History of Bitcoin 239

11.1.3 Bitcoin and the Economic Enterprise 239

11.2 The Rise and Fall of Bitcoin 240

11.2.1 Gaining Popularity 241

11.2.2 Losing Pursuit 242

11.3 The Illusion of Bitcoin 243

11.4 Bitcoin and Cybersecurity 244

11.4.1 Decentralization and Its Potential Security Weaknesses 245

11.4.2 Vulnerabilities in Bitcoin Wallets 245

11.4.3 Cybersecurity Issues in Bitcoin Exchanges 245

11.4.4 Blockchain Attacks and Manipulation 246

11.5 Measures to Enhance Bitcoin Security 246

11.5.1 Multi-Factor Authentication 246

11.5.2 Encryption 247

11.5.3 Decentralized Storage 247

11.5.4 Cold Storage 247

11.5.5 Multi-Sig Wallets 247

11.6 Case Studies of Bitcoin Security Breaches 248

11.6.1 Mt. Gox Hack 248

11.6.2 Bitfinex Hack 248

11.6.3 Nicehash Hack 248

11.6.4 Dao Hack 249

11.6.5 Parity Wallet Hack 249

11.7 Bitcoin and the Financial Industry 249

11.7.1 Impact of Bitcoin on the Economic Enterprise 250

11.7.2 Indian Economy 250

11.7.3 International Economy 252

11.8 Social and Political Implications of Bitcoin 253

11.9 Bitcoin’s Role in Crime 255

11.10 The Future of Bitcoin 257

11.10.1 Improved Security Measures 258

11.10.2 Bitcoin Regulations 258

11.10.3 Artificial Intelligence 258

11.10.4 Quantum Computing 258

11.10.5 Emergence of New Cryptocurrencies 259

11.11 Conclusion 259

11.12 Way Forward 260

References 261

12 Cybercrime Against Women in India: Challenges and Possible Solutions 265
Avneet Kaur

12.1 Introduction 266

12.2 History and Origin of Cybercrimes 267

12.3 Literature Review 268

12.4 Reasons for the Growth of Cybercrimes Against Women 269

12.4.1 Psychological Reason 269

12.4.2 Sociological Reasons 270

12.4.3 Lack of Awareness in India 271

12.4.4 Knowledge of Computer 271

12.4.5 Easy Availability and Addiction to the Internet 271

12.5 Different Types of Cybercrime Against Women 273

12.5.1 Cyber Harassment 273

12.5.2 Cyber Pornography 273

12.5.3 Cyberstalking 274

12.5.4 Cyber Defamation 274

12.5.5 Morphing 275

12.5.6 Email Spoofing 275

12.6 Implication of Cybercrimes on Women 275

12.7 Legal Provisions Against Cybercrimes 276

12.8 Provisions for Cybercrimes Under IT ACT 2000 277

12.9 Landmark Cases in Cybercrime Against Women 278

12.9.1 Jayanta Kumar Das Versus State of Odisha 278

12.9.2 Fatima Riswana Versus State Rep. by A.C.P., Chennai & Ors 38 278

12.9.3 State of Tamil Nadu Versus Suhas Kutti 279

12.9.4 Avnish Bajaj Versus State (N.C.T.) of Delhi 279

12.10 Shortcomings in the Indian Legal System 280

12.11 Suggestions 281

Conclusion: A Way Forward 282

References 283

13 Emerging Legal Challenges in the Artificial World of Metaverse 285
Rajesh Kumar and Megha M. Patel

13.1 Introduction 286

13.2 The Ideas Behind the Metaverse 288

13.2.1 The Market of the Metaverse 289

13.3 The Application of the Metaverse in Different Industries 290

13.3.1 Potential Benefits of the Metaverse 291

13.4 Issues and Challenges after Introducing the Metaverse 293

13.5 Approaching Metaverse Problems from a Global Perspective 298

13.5.1 Preview of the Judicial Trail Map in the U.S. 298

13.6 Conclusion 305

References 305

14 Cyberterrorism: In an Era of Information Warfare 309
Mohamad Ayub Dar and Megha Ojha

14.1 Introduction 310

14.2 The Surge in Cyberterrorism 310

14.3 Background 311

14.3.1 Meaning and Definition of Cyberterrorism 311

14.3.2 Dynamics of Cyberterrorism and Cyberterrorist Attacks 311

14.3.3 Terrorist Attacks 312

14.3.4 Cyberterrorism: Definitions 313

14.3.5 Origin of Cyberterrorism 314

14.4 Methodology Used 314

14.5 Effects of Cyberterrorism on Society and Government 315

14.6 Techniques and Methods Used for Cyberterrorism 317

14.7 Countries Affected the Most by Cyberterrorism 320

14.8 Ukraine and Russia War and Cyberterrorism 321

14.9 Combating Cyberterrorism 324

14.9.1 Indian Law Dealing with Cyberterrorism 324

14.9.2 International Law Dealing with Cyberterrorism 326

14.10 Conclusion 327

References 327

15 Freedom of Speech and Expression on Social Media— A Comparison of India and China 331
Sanyogita Singh and Vikram Singh

15.1 Introduction 332

15.1.1 Why Protect Freedom of Speech? 335

15.1.2 Why Restrict (Regulate) Speech? 335

15.2 Review of Literature 336

15.3 Online Speech Regulations—India vs. China 341

15.3.1 Online Speech Regulations in India 341

15.3.2 Online Speech Regulations in China 342

15.4 Intermediary Responsibilities—India vs. China 343

15.4.1 Responsibilities of Social Media Intermediaries in India 343

15.4.1.1 Government Departments as Intermediaries 345

15.4.2 Responsibilities of Social Media Intermediaries in China 346

15.5 Conclusion 346

References 348

16 Environment and Cybercrime in the World: Mitigating the Impact of Cybercrime on the Environment 351
Pracheta Rathore and Jai Malaviya

16.1 Introduction 352

16.1.1 What is Cybercrime? 352

16.1.2 Importance of the Topic 353

16.1.3 Overview of the Chapter 353

16.2 Impact of Cybercrime on the Environment 353

16.2.1 Production of E-Waste 353

16.2.2 Use of Energy 355

16.2.3 Financial and Economic Systems 356

16.2.4 Damage to Critical Infrastructure 356

16.3 Mitigating the Impact of Cybercrime 358

16.3.1 Awareness Raising and Best Practices for Cybersecurity 358

16.3.2 Responsible Disposal of Electronic Waste 360

16.3.3 Energy-Efficient Technologies 361

16.3.4 Government and Company Policies 362

16.4 Future of the Environment and Cybercrime 364

16.4.1 Emerging Trends in Cybercrime 364

16.4.2 The Role of Technology in Protecting the Environment 365

16.4.3 Collaboration and International Cooperation 367

16.5 Conclusion 368

References 368

17 Face Recognition Based on Smart Attendance System Using Python 373
P. Monisha, Prakash N., E. Udayakumar, Tamilselvan S. and Kumareshan N.

17.1 Introduction 374

17.2 Methodology 376

17.3 Face Database 379

17.4 Implementation of CNN and SVM Algorithm 382

17.5 Features and Benefits Features of the System 388

17.6 Conclusion 389

References 390

Index 393