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The Ethics of War
Classic and Contemporary Readings
"On balance...The Ethics of War will serve as a tremendous resource for students, teachers and writers for decades to come. We owe its editors much gratitude for their diligent compilation of a tremendous range of texts, and their careful scholarly analysis of the arguments to be found within them." "This superbly edited and thoughtfully organized collection brings together all of the essential texts of the just war tradition in one single volume. An outstanding achievement!" "A unique and extremely well-done collection of essays culled from every period of Western history – some of which were previously unavailable in English. This is an important anthology, one that should be read and re-read by any serious student of the perennial ethical problems of warfare." "This magnificent volume allows readers both to learn about the past and from the past. It will be of great value to historians, while those who are concerned with the burning current issues of just war will appreciate the depth of analysis of their predecessors."
—David L. Perry, United States Army War College
—George R. Lucas, Jr., U.S. Naval Academy
—Carl Ficarotta, US Air Force Academy
—Jon Elster, Collège de France
Gregory M. Reichberg (Edited by), GM Reichberg (Author), Henrik Syse (Edited by), Endre Begby (Edited by)
9781405123778, Wiley
Hardback, published 24 May 2006
756 pages
25.4 x 18 x 4.5 cm, 1.438 kg
"This is a superb, comprehensive collection of the basic texts that make up the just war tradition. Some have been very difficult to get hold of and others have been translated for the first time. It will be an indispensable resource for all departments of international affairs, ethics, war studies, peace studies and many history departments." (Times Higher Education, 25 May 2007) "As a collection of key readings, each prefaced by editorial comment, it can scarcely be bettered." (The Times) "An invaluable resource for many readers for years to come...anyone interested in the history of western thought on the subject of war will find [the volume] fascinating." (Peace News)
The Ethics of War is an indispensable collection of essays addressing issues both timely and age-old about the nature and ethics of war.
Preface viii Part I Ancient and Early Christian 1 1 Thucydides (ca. 460-ca. 400 BC): War and Power 3 2 Plato (427-347 BC): Tempering War among the Greeks 18 3 Aristotle (384-322 BC): Courage, Slavery, and Citizen Soldiers 31 4 Roman Law of War and Peace (Seventh Century BC-First Century AD): Ius Fetiale 47 5 Cicero (106-43 BC): Civic Virtue as the Foundation of Peace 50 6 Early Church Fathers (Second to Fourth Centuries): Pacifism and Defense of the Innocent 60 7 Augustine (354-430): Just War in the Service of Peace 70 Part II Medieval 91 8 Medieval Peace Movements (975-1123): Religious Limitations on Warfare 93 9 The Crusades (Eleventh to Thirteenth Centuries): Christian Holy War 98 10 Gratian and the Decretists (Twelfth Century): War and Coercion in the Decretum 104 11 John of Salisbury (ca. 1115-1180): The Challenge of Tyranny 125 12 Raymond of Peñafort (ca. 1180-1275) and William of Rennes (Thirteenth Century): The Conditions of Just War, Self-defense, and their Legal Consequences under Penitential Jurisdiction 131 13 Innocent IV (ca. 1180-1254): The Kinds of Violence and the Limits of Holy War 148 14 Alexander of Hales (ca. 1185-1245): Virtuous Dispositions in Warfare 156 15 Hostiensis (ca. 1200-1271): A Typology of Internal and External War 160 16 Thomas Aquinas (ca. 1225-1274): Just War and Sins against Peace 169 17 Dante Alighieri (1265-1321): Peace by Universal Monarchy 199 18 Bartolus of Saxoferrato (ca. 1313-1357): Roman War within Christendom 203 19 Christine de Pizan (ca. 1364-ca. 1431): War and Chivalry 210 20 Raphaël Fulgosius (1367-1427): Just War Reduced to Public War 227 Part III Late Scholastic and Reformation 231 21 Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536): The Spurious "Right to War" 233 22 Cajetan (1468-1534): War and Vindicative Justice 240 23 Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527): War is Just to Whom it is Necessary 251 24 Thomas More (ca. 1478-1535): Warfare in Utopia 259 25 Martin Luther (1483-1546) and Jean Calvin (1509-1564): Legitimate War in Reformed Christianity 265 26 The Radical Reformation (Sixteenth Century): Religious Rationales for Violence and Pacifism 278 27 Francisco de Vitoria (ca. 1492-1546): Just War in the Age of Discovery 288 28 Luis de Molina (1535-1600): Distinguishing War from Punishment 333 29 Francisco Suárez (1548-1617): Justice, Charity, and War 339 30 Alberico Gentili (1552-1608): The Advantages of Preventive War 371 31 Johannes Althusius (1557-1638): Defending the Commonwealth 378 32 Hugo Grotius (1583-1645): The Theory of Just War Systematized 385 Part IV Modern 439 33 Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679): Solving the Problem of Civil War 441 34 Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677): The Virtue of Peace 451 35 Samuel von Pufendorf (1632-1694): War in an Emerging System of States 454 36 John Locke (1632-1704): The Rights of Man and the Limits of Just Warfare 462 37 Christian von Wolff (1679-1754): Bilateral Rights of War 469 38 Montesquieu (1689-1755): National Self-preservation and the Balance of Power 475 39 Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778): Supranational Government and Peace 480 40 Emer de Vattel (1714-1767): War in Due Form 504 41 Immanuel Kant (1724-1804): Cosmopolitan Rights, Human Progress, and Perpetual Peace 518 42 G. W. F. Hegel (1770-1831): War and the Spirit of the Nation-state 542 43 Carl von Clausewitz (1780-1831): Ethics and Military Strategy 553 44 Daniel Webster (1782-1852): The Caroline Incident (1837) 562 45 Francis Lieber (1800-1872): Devising a Military Code of Conduct 565 46 John Stuart Mill (1806-1873): Foreign Intervention and National Autonomy 574 47 Karl Marx (1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895): War as an Instrument of Emancipation 586 Part V Twentieth Century 593 48 Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924): The Dream of a League of Nations 595 49 Bertrand Russell (1872-1970): Pacifism and Modern War 600 50 Hans Kelsen (1881-1973): Bellum Iustum in International Law 605 51 Paul Ramsey (1913-1988): Nuclear Weapons and Legitimate Defense 614 52 G. E. M. Anscombe (1919-2001): The Moral Recklessness of Pacifism 625 53 John Rawls (1921-2002): The Moral Duties of Statesmen 633 54 Michael Walzer (b. 1935): Terrorism and Ethics 642 55 Thomas Nagel (b. 1937): The Logic of Hostility 653 56 James Turner Johnson (b. 1938): Contemporary Just War 660 57 National Conference of Catholic Bishops (1983 and 1993): A Presumption against War 669 58 Kofi Annan (b. 1938): Toward a New Definition of Sovereignty 683 Index 694
Acknowledgments xiii
Subject Areas: Philosophy [HP]
