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The Bureaucracy of Empathy
Law, Vivisection, and Animal Pain in Late Nineteenth-Century Britain
Shira Shmuely (Author)
9781501770388
Hardback, published 15 July 2023
270 pages, 18 b&w halftones, 1 chart - 18 Halftones, black and white - 1 Charts
22.9 x 15.2 x 2.4 cm, 0.907 kg
This is an important book that completes the historical understanding of the functioning of the 1876 Cruelty to Animals Act in Britain. The Bureaucracy of Empathy offers a thoughtfully framed, carefully researched, and compellingly written historical account that should be of interest to diverse audiences of scholars and perhaps advanced students.
The Bureaucracy of Empathy revolves around two central questions: What is pain? And how do we recognize, understand, and ameliorate the pain of nonhuman animals? Shira Shmuely investigates these ethical issues through a close and careful history of the origins, implementation, and enforcement of the 1876 Cruelty to Animals Act of Parliament, which for the first time imposed legal restrictions on animal experimentation and mandated official supervision of procedures "calculated to give pain" to animal subjects. Exploring how scientists, bureaucrats, and lawyers wrestled with the problem of animal pain and its perception, Shmuely traces in depth and detail how the Act was enforced, the medical establishment's initial resistance and then embrace of regulation, and the challenges from anti-vivisection advocates who deemed it insufficient protection against animal suffering. She shows how a "bureaucracy of empathy" emerged to support and administer the legislation, navigating incongruent interpretations of pain. This crucial moment in animal law and ethics continues to inform laws regulating the treatment of nonhuman animals in laboratories, farms, and homes around the worlds to the present.
Introduction
1. The Legal and Scientific Landscapes of the Act
2. The Right Forms for the Job: Anesthesia, Brain Research, and Certificate E
3. The Prick of a Needle: The Challenges of Inoculation
4. Regulating Pain in Laboratories: The Inspectorate
5. Libel, Slander, and Vivisection
Conclusion: The Act in the Twentieth Century
Postscript: "Can They Suffer?"