Introduction xix

Part I The Problems of Consciousness 1

1 A Brief History of the Scientific Approach to the Study of Consciousness 3
Chris D. Frith and Geraint Rees

2 Philosophical Problems of Consciousness 17
Michael Tye

3 The Hard Problem of Consciousness 32
David Chalmers

Part II The Origins and Distribution of Consciousness 43

4 Consciousness in Infants 45
Colwyn Trevarthen and Vasudevi Reddy

5 Animal Consciousness 63
Colin Allen and Michael Trestman

6 Rethinking the Evolution of Consciousness 77
Thomas W. Polger

7 Machine Consciousness 93
Igor Aleksander

8 Panpsychism 106
Philip Goff

Part III Some Varieties of Conscious Experience 125

9 States of Consciousness: Waking, Sleeping, and Dreaming 127
J. Allan Hobson

10 Affective Consciousness 141
Jaak Panksepp

11 Clinical Pathologies and Unusual Experiences 157
Richard P. Bentall

12 Altered States of Consciousness: Drug]Induced States 171
David E. Presti

13 Anomalous Experiences 187
Etzel Cardeña

14 Mindfulness 203
Peter Malinowski

15 Altered States: Mysticism 217
David Fontana

Part IV Some Contemporary Theories of Consciousness 227

16 The Global Workspace Theory of Consciousness: Predictions and Results 229
Bernard J. Baars

17 The Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness: An Outline 243
Giulio Tononi

18 The Intermediate Level Theory of Consciousness 257
Jesse Prinz

19 Representationalism about Consciousness 272
William Seager and David Bourget

20 Higher]Order Theories of Consciousness 288
Peter Carruthers

21 Quantum Approaches to Brain and Mind: An Overview with Representative Examples 298
Harald Atmanspacher

22 Daniel Dennett on the Nature of Consciousness 314
Susan Schneider

23 Biological Naturalism 327
John Searle

24 Emergentism 337
Gerald Vision

25 Dualism, Reductionism, and Reflexive Monism 349
Max Velmans

26 Naturalistic Dualism 363
David Chalmers

27 Physicalist Panpsychism 374
Galen Strawson

Part V Some Major Topics in the Philosophy of Consciousness 391

28 Anti]materialist Arguments and Influential Replies 393
Joe Levine

29 Physicalism and the Knowledge Argument 404
Torin Alter

30 Type Materialism for Phenomenal Consciousness 415
Brian P. Mclaughlin

31 Functionalism and Qualia 430
Robert Van Gulick

32 The Causal Efficacy of Consciousness 445
Jaegwon Kim

33 The Neurophilosophy of Consciousness 458
Pete Mandik

34 Self]Consciousness 472
José Luis Bermúdez

35 Philosophical Psychopathology and Self]Consciousness 484
G. Lynn Stephens and George Graham

36 Coming Together: The Unity of Consciousness 500
Barry Dainton

37 Consciousness and Intentionality 519
George Graham, Terence Horgan, and John Tienson

Part VI Major Topics in the Science of Consciousness 537

Topics in the Cognitive Psychology of Consciousness

38 Studying Consciousness Through Inattentional Blindness, Change Blindness, and the Attentional Blink 539
Michael A. Cohen and Marvin M. Chun

39 Conscious and Unconscious Perception 551
Sid Kouider and Nathan Faivre

40 Conscious and Unconscious Memory 562
John F. Kihlstrom, Jennifer Dorfman, and Lillian Park

41 Consciousness of Action 576
Marc Jeannerod

Topics in the Neuroscience of Consciousness 589

42 Methodologies for Identifying the Neural Correlates of Consciousness 591
Geraint Rees and Chris D. Frith

43 Conscious Processing: Unity in Time Rather Than in Space 607
Wolf Singer

44 Integrated Information Theory of Consciousness: Some Ontological Considerations 621
Giulio Tononi

45 Split]brain Cases 634
Mary (Molly) Colvin, Nicole L. Marinsek, Michael B. Miller, and Michael S. Gazzaniga

46 Duplex Vision: Separate Cortical Pathways for Conscious Perception and the Control of Action 648
Melvyn A. Goodale

47 Altered States of Consciousness after Brain Injury 662
Johan Stender, Steven Laureys, and Olivia Gosseries

48 Anesthesia and Consciousness 682
John F. Kihlstrom and Randall C. Cork

49 The Neuropsychology of Conscious Volition: First-Person Contributions to the Science of Consciousness 695
Aaron Schurger

First-Person Contributions to the Science of Consciousness 711

50 Phenomenological Approaches to Consciousness 713
Shaun Gallagher

51 Neurophenomenology and the Micro]phenomenological Interview 726
Michel Bitbol and Claire Petitmengin

52 Descriptive Experience Sampling 740
Russell T. Hurlburt

53 Experiential Neuroscience of Pain 754
Donald D. Price

54 An Epistemology for the Study of Consciousness 769
Max Velmans

Resources for Students 785

Index 788