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The Biogas Handbook
Science, Production and Applications
Arthur Wellinger (Edited by), Jerry D Murphy (Edited by), David Baxter (Edited by)
9780857094988, Elsevier Science
Hardback, published 19 February 2013
504 pages
23.3 x 15.6 x 3 cm, 0.89 kg
"The extent and depth of knowledge and experience captured in The Biogas Handbook will help the emerging AD and biogas industries construct and operate state-of-the-art (and science) biogas plants., BioCycle. As an Editor, I am impressed with the handbook's ability to convey technical and scientific information in a style that can be understood by individuals with varying levels of knowledge about the topics discussed." --Nora Goldstein, BioCycle
With pressure increasing to utilise wastes and residues effectively and sustainably, the production of biogas represents one of the most important routes towards reaching national and international renewable energy targets. The biogas handbook: Science, production and applications provides a comprehensive and systematic guide to the development and deployment of biogas supply chains and technology.
Following a concise overview of biogas as an energy option, part one explores biomass resources and fundamental science and engineering of biogas production, including feedstock characterisation, storage and pre-treatment, and yield optimisation. Plant design, engineering, process optimisation and digestate utilisation are the focus of part two. Topics considered include the engineering and process control of biogas plants, methane emissions in biogas production, and biogas digestate quality, utilisation and land application. Finally, part three discusses international experience and best practice in biogas utilisation. Biogas cleaning and upgrading to biomethane, biomethane use as transport fuel and the generation of heat and power from biogas for stationery applications are all discussed. The book concludes with a review of market development and biomethane certification schemes.
With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, The biogas handbook: Science, production and applications is a practical reference to biogas technology for process engineers, manufacturers, industrial chemists and biochemists, scientists, researchers and academics working in this field.
Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy Foreword Preface Organisations supporting IEA Bioenergy Task 37 - Energy from Biogas Part 1: Biomass resources, feedstock treatment and biogas production Chapter 1: Biogas as an energy option: an overview Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Biogas technologies and environmental efficiency 1.3 Political drivers and legislation 1.4 Health, safety and risk assessment 1.5 Conclusions and future trends 1.6 Sources of further information and advice Chapter 2: Biomass resources for biogas production Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Categories of biomass appropriate as feedstocks for biogas production 2.3 Characteristics of biogas feedstock 2.4 Resource availability and supply chain issues 2.5 Conclusion Chapter 3: Analysis and characterisation of biogas feedstocks Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Preliminary feedstock characterisation 3.3 Essential laboratory analysis of feedstocks 3.4 Additional laboratory analysis of feedstocks 3.5 Detailed feedstock evaluation 3.6 Conclusions 3.7 Sources of further information and advice Chapter 4: Storage and pre-treatment of substrates for biogas production Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Storage and ensiling of crops for biogas production 4.3 Pre-treatment technologies for biogas production 4.4 Conclusion and future trends Chapter 5: Fundamental science and engineering of the anaerobic digestion process for biogas production Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Microbiology 5.3 Microbial environment 5.4 Gas production and feedstocks 5.5 Reactor configuration 5.6 Parasitic energy demand of process 5.7 Laboratory analysis and scale up 5.8 Modelling and optimisation of anaerobic digestion 5.9 Conclusions and future trends Chapter 6: Optimisation of biogas yields from anaerobic digestion by feedstock type Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Defining optimisation 6.3 Basic definitions and concepts 6.4 Overcoming limitation as a result of hydraulic retention time (HRT) 6.5 Increasing the metabolic capacity of a digester 6.6 Matching feedstocks and digester type 6.7 Case studies 6.8 Future trends Chapter 7: Anaerobic digestion as a key technology for biomass valorization: contribution to the energy balance of biofuel chains Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The role of anaerobic digestion in biomass chains 7.3 A framework for approaching the role of anaerobic digestion within biomass chains 7.4 Contribution of anaerobic digestion to the energy balance of biofuel chains 7.5 Conclusion and future trends Part 2: Plant design, engineering, process optimisation and digestate utilisation Chapter 8: Design and engineering of biogas plants Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Digestion unit 8.3 Gas storage 8.4 Pipework, pumps and valves 8.5 Site characteristics and plant layout 8.6 Process control technology 8.7 Social and legal aspects 8.8 Practical challenges and future trends Chapter 9: Energy flows in biogas plants: analysis and implications for plant design Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Energy demand of biogas plants 9.3 Energy supply for biogas plants 9.4 Balancing energy flows 9.5 Conclusion and future trends Chapter 10: Process control in biogas plants Abstract: 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Process analysis and monitoring 10.3 Optimising and implementing on-line process control in biogas plants 10.4 Mathematical process modelling and optimisation in practice 10.5 Advantages and limitations of process control 10.6 Conclusion and future trends Chapter 11: Methane emissions in biogas production Abstract: 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Methane emissions in biogas production 11.3 Methane emissions in biogas utilization, biogas upgrading and digestate storage 11.4 Overall methane emissions 11.5 Conclusion and future trends Chapter 12: Biogas digestate quality and utilization Abstract: 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Digestate quality 12.3 Processing of digestate 12.4 Utilization of digestate and digestate fractions 12.5 Conclusion Chapter 13: Land application of digestate Abstract: 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Overview of substrates and land application of digestate 13.3 Field experience of land application and associated environmental impacts 13.4 Conclusion and future trends 13.5 Acknowledgements Part III: Biogas utilisation: international experience and best practice Chapter 14: Biogas cleaning Abstract: 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Biogas characterisation and quality standards 14.3 Biogas cleaning techniques 14.4 Biogas cleaning in combination with upgrading 14.5 Conclusion and future trends Chapter 15: Biogas upgrading to biomethane Abstract: 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Development and overview of biogas upgrading 15.3 Biogas cleaning and upgrading technologies 15.4 Costs of biogas upgrading 15.5 Conclusion Chapter 16: Biomethane injection into natural gas networks Abstract: 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Technical and legal conditions of biomethane feed-in in Germany 16.3 Design and operation of injection utilities 16.4 Biomethane quality adjustments 16.5 Economic aspects of biomethane injection 16.6 Optimization and efficiency increase 16.7 Conclusion and future trends 16.10 Appendix: glossary Chapter 17: Generation of heat and power from biogas for stationary applications: boilers, gas engines and turbines, combined heat and power (CHP) plants and fuel cells Abstract: 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Biogas and biomethane combustion issues 17.3 Utilisation of biogas for the generation of electric power and heat in stationary applications 17.4 Conclusion and future trends Chapter 18: Biomethane for transport applications Abstract: 18.1 Biomethane as a transport fuel 18.2 Biomethane distribution logistics and the synergies of jointly used natural gas and biomethane 18.3 Growth of the natural gas vehicle market in Sweden 18.4 Extent and potential of the natural gas vehicle world market 18.5 Future trends 18.6 References Chapter 19: Market development and certification schemes for biomethane Abstract: 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Market development 19.3 Biomethane certification and mass balancing 19.4 European mass balancing schemes for biomethane 19.5 Future trends 19.6 Sources of further information and advice Index
Subject Areas: Alternative & renewable energy sources & technology [THX]
