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Stem Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine in Canine Practice
Mudasir Bashir Gugjoo (Author)
9781394253258, Wiley
Hardback, published 10 July 2025
592 pages
23.1 x 16 x 3.1 cm, 1.043 kg
A practical guide to stem cell-based regenerative techniques in dogs Stem Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine in Canine Practice delivers an essential reference for the use of stem cells in canine practice. Intuitively organized by organ and body systems, the book is easy-to-follow, and addresses many common conditions encountered when dealing with dogs in veterinary practice, including those affecting the central nervous system, muscular system, and vascular system. The book is grounded in evidence-based research and readers are provided with guidance on the potential challenges and problems that may arise when considering and using stem cell therapeutics. It also explains the techniques for stem cell extraction and how to use stem cell regenerative medicine for the best results. Readers will also find: Written for veterinarians in general practice, Stem Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine in Canine Practice will also benefit veterinary students and researchers.
About the Author xiii Foreword xv Preface xvii Abbreviations xix About the Companion Website xxxiii 1 Canine Mesenchymal Stem Cells Sources, Properties, and Regulations for Clinical Use 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Understanding the Stem Cell 3 1.2.1 MSCs Stemness or Stromalness? 4 1.2.2 MSCs Plasticity 6 1.2.3 MSCs Mobilization and Homing 7 1.2.4 Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Actions 8 1.2.5 Antimicrobial Actions 8 1.3 Sources of Dog MSCs for Proliferation 9 1.4 Why Do We Need to Culture Mesenchymal Stem Cells? 10 1.5 Why to Characterize MSCs? 11 1.6 Factors Affecting MSCs Therapeutic Outcome 12 1.7 Stem Cell Regulations in Research and Therapeutics 13 References 15 2 Osteoarthritis 27 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Predisposing Factors 28 2.3 OA Pathogenesis 30 2.3.1 OA Mediated Through Cartilage 30 2.3.2 OA Mediated Through Synovitis 34 2.3.3 Subchondral Bone Involvement 36 2.4 MSCs and Their Potential Therapeutic Role in OA 37 2.4.1 MSCs Chondrogenic Studies and Ex Vivo Findings 37 2.4.1.1 Culture Technique 38 2.4.1.2 Local Microenvironment 39 2.4.1.3 Source of MSCs 39 2.4.1.4 MSCs Transplantation Techniques and Drug Reactions 39 2.4.1.5 Therapeutic Properties of MSCs 40 2.5 In Vivo MSCs Studies 42 2.5.1 Preclinical Experimental Studies 42 2.5.1.1 Chondral Lesions 42 2.5.1.2 Osteochondral Defects 46 2.5.1.3 Cruciate Ligament Resection Model 51 2.5.1.4 Meniscectomy Model 54 2.5.2 Clinical Studies 55 2.5.2.1 Hip Joint OA 56 2.5.2.2 Elbow OA 61 2.5.2.3 Stifle Joint OA 66 2.5.2.4 Multiple Joint OA 66 2.5.2.5 Hip Dysplasia Induced OA 72 References 73 3 MSCs in Canine Bone Tissue Engineering 97 3.1 Introduction 97 3.2 Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Bone Regeneration 99 3.2.1 MSCs In Vitro Osteogenesis 100 3.2.1.1 Osteogenic Growth Factors/Chemicals 101 3.2.1.2 Effect of Source 103 3.2.1.3 Scaffold and MSCs Osteogenesis 105 3.2.1.4 Breed-Wise Differences 106 3.2.2 MSCs Osteogenesis 107 3.3 In Vivo Studies 107 3.3.1 Preclinical Experimental Studies in Dogs 108 3.3.1.1 Femoral Bone Defect Model 109 3.3.1.2 Radial Bone Defect Model 117 3.3.1.3 Ulnar Bone Defect Model 118 3.3.1.4 Tibial Bone Defect Model 119 3.3.1.5 Mandibular Bone Defect Models 120 3.3.2 Dog In Vivo Clinical Studies 125 3.3.2.1 Augmentation of Normal Bone Healing 128 3.3.2.2 Nonunion Radial Fracture 128 3.3.2.3 Nonunion Radial/Ulnar Fracture 129 3.3.2.4 Nonunion Femoral Fracture 130 References 131 4 Muscle, Tendon, and Ligament Affections 149 4.1 Introduction 149 4.2 Why Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Not Tendon Stem/Progenitor Cells (TSPCs)? 152 4.2.1 Tenogenic Markers 154 4.2.2 In Vitro Studies on MSCs Tenogenesis 155 4.2.2.1 Tenogenic Differentiation 155 4.2.2.2 In Vitro Tendon Healing Model 158 4.3 In Vivo Studies 160 4.3.1 Tendon Repair Models 160 4.3.1.1 Intrasynovial Second and Fifth Flexor Digitorum Profundus Model 160 4.3.1.2 Rotator Cuff Injury Model 165 4.3.1.3 Achilles Tendon Model 167 4.3.2 Clinical Tendinopathies 167 4.3.3 Ligament Repair Models 170 4.3.3.1 Partial CrCL Tear Studies 171 4.3.3.2 Complete CrCL Tear Studies 173 4.4 Muscle Studies 175 4.4.1 MSCs In Vitro Myogenic Differentiation 175 4.4.2 In Vivo Clinical Muscle Injury Studies 176 4.4.3 Duchenne’s Muscle Dystrophy (DMD) 179 References 180 5 Peripheral Nerve Affections 197 5.1 Introduction 197 5.2 Peripheral Nerve Injury 199 5.2.1 Natural Recovery of Peripheral Nerves 201 5.2.1.1 Role of Schwann Cells and Macrophages 203 5.2.2 Surgical Procedure and Limitations Thereof 205 5.3 Why MSCs and Not Schwann Cells for Nerve Regeneration 206 5.4 In Vivo Peripheral Nerve Injury Studies 207 5.4.1 Dog Peripheral Nerve Resection Models 209 5.4.1.1 Sciatic Nerve Repair 209 5.4.1.2 Facial Nerve Repair 212 5.4.1.3 Ulnar Nerve 214 References 216 6 Central Nervous System Affections 225 6.1 Introduction 225 6.2 CNS Intrinsic Regeneration Potential 226 6.3 Exogenous Stem Cell Therapy 227 6.3.1 In Vitro MSCs Neurogenic Studies 228 6.3.1.1 Neural-Induced MSCs Morphology and Expression 228 6.3.1.2 Expression and Secretion Potential of Neural-Induced MSCs 229 6.3.2 Contradicted View-Point Toward MSCs Neural-Like Differentiation 233 6.3.3 In Vivo Studies 234 6.3.3.1 MSCs Therapeutic Mechanisms 235 6.3.3.2 Meningoencephalomyelitis of Unknown Origin (MUO) 237 6.3.3.3 Canine Distemper (CD) 238 6.3.3.4 Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) 242 References 270 7 Myocardial and Valvular Diseases 287 7.1 Introduction 287 7.2 Why MSCs in Cardiac Diseases? 288 7.2.1 Differentiation 289 7.2.1.1 Microenvironment Modulation 289 7.2.1.2 Genetic Modulation 292 7.2.2 MSCs Stromalness for Cardiac Regeneration 294 7.3 In Vivo MSCs Therapeutic Studies in Dogs 296 7.3.1 MSCs Transplantation 298 7.3.2 Cellular Concentration and Transplantation Rate 299 7.3.3 Cellular Distribution 300 7.3.4 Cellular Differentiation 301 7.3.5 Myocardial Infarction (MI) 302 7.3.5.1 Acute mi 303 7.3.5.2 Subacute mi 307 7.3.5.3 Chronic mi 308 7.3.6 MSCs as Biological Pacemaker 310 7.3.6.1 In Vivo Studies 311 7.3.7 Dilatation Cardiomyopathy (DCM) 314 7.3.7.1 In Vivo Studies 315 7.3.8 Chronic Chagas Cardiomyopathy 318 7.3.9 Valvular Diseases 319 References 321 8 Oral and Esophageal Affections 341 8.1 Introduction 341 8.2 Oral Mucosal Ulcers 344 8.3 Periodontal Disease 347 8.3.1 Fenestration Defects 355 8.3.2 Intrabony Defects 356 8.3.3 Furcation Defects 358 8.4 Maxillary Alveolar Bone Cleft Model 359 8.5 Peri-implant Defect Models 360 8.6 Esophagus 362 8.6.1 Esophageal Ulceration 363 8.6.2 Esophageal Resection 365 References 366 9 Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Anal Furunculosis 377 9.1 Introduction 377 9.2 Why Mesenchymal Stem Cells 382 9.3 In Vivo Studies 384 9.3.1 Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) 384 9.3.2 Anal Furunculosis (AF) 388 References 389 10 Liver Affections 397 10.1 Introduction 397 10.2 Regenerative Medicine in Canine Hepatology 398 10.2.1 Why Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Liver Regeneration 399 10.2.2 In Vitro MSCs Hepatocyte-Like Cell Differentiation 400 10.2.2.1 Microenvironment Modifications 400 10.2.2.2 3D Culture of MSCs for Hepatocyte-Like Cell Differentiation 402 10.2.2.3 Genetic Manipulation of MSCs 403 10.3 In Vivo Liver Regenerative Studies 404 10.3.1 Dog Hepatic Injury Models 405 10.3.1.1 Acute Liver Injury Models 405 10.3.1.2 Hepatic Fibrosis Models 407 10.4 Hepatocutaneous Syndrome 409 References 411 11 Lung Affections 419 11.1 Introduction 419 11.2 MSCs Potential Therapeutic Effects 421 11.3 In Vivo Studies 423 11.3.1 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 423 11.3.2 Radiation-Induced Lung Injury 427 References 428 12 Renal Insufficiency and Urinary Bladder Affections 435 12.1 Introduction 435 12.2 In Vitro Renal Studies 437 12.3 In Vivo Renal Studies 441 12.3.1 Experimental Studies 441 12.3.1.1 Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury 444 12.3.1.2 Ischemic AKI 446 12.3.1.3 Chronic Kidney Disease Model 448 12.3.2 Clinical Studies 449 12.3.2.1 Chronic Kidney Disease 449 12.3.2.2 Renal Fanconi Syndrome 449 12.4 Urinary Bladder 450 12.4.1 In Vivo Studies 451 References 453 13 Skin Wounds and Atopic Dermatitis 461 13.1 Introduction 461 13.2 In Vivo Skin Wound-Healing Studies Using MSCs 462 13.2.1 Preclinical Experimental Studies 463 13.2.2 Clinical Studies 466 13.2.2.1 Acute Wounds 466 13.2.2.2 Chronic Wounds 470 13.3 Atopic Dermatitis (AD) 472 13.3.1 Ex Vivo Studies 473 13.3.2 In Vivo Studies 474 13.3.2.1 Experimental Studies 474 13.3.2.2 Clinical Studies 477 References 479 14 Diabetes 487 14.1 Introduction 487 14.2 In Vitro Studies 490 14.2.1 MSCs Trans-differentiation into IPCs 491 14.2.1.1 Microenvironment Manipulation 491 14.2.1.2 Genetic Manipulation 496 14.2.1.3 Combined Microenvironment and Genetic Modifications 497 14.2.1.4 Secretome-Based Pro-islet Cell-Like Response 498 14.2.2 MSCs Versus PSCs to Form IPCs 498 14.3 In Vivo Studies 499 14.3.1 Experimental Studies 500 14.3.1.1 Transplantation of Transfected Cells 500 14.3.1.2 Transplantation of Chemical-Induced Cells 502 14.3.2 Clinical Studies 503 References 506 15 Corneal Ulcers and Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca 517 15.1 Introduction 517 15.2 Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) Versus Corneal/Limbal Stem Cells 518 15.3 Corneal Affections 521 15.3.1 Corneal Ulcer 522 15.3.1.1 In Vivo Studies 523 15.3.1.2 Corneal Superficial Keratitis (Pannus) 525 15.3.1.3 Descemetocele 526 15.4 Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca (KCS) 527 15.4.1 Route of MSCs Transplantation 530 15.4.2 Therapeutic Outcome 531 References 532 Index 543
Subject Areas: Veterinary medicine [MZ]
