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Soft Materials-Based Biosensing Medical Applications
Deepak Gupta (Edited by), Gupta (Author), Milan Singh (Edited by), Rishabha Malviya (Edited by), Sonali Sundram (Edited by)
9781394213559, Wiley
Hardback, published 13 May 2025
528 pages
28 x 19 x 3.1 cm, 0.666 kg
The book offers a comprehensive, interdisciplinary overview of how innovative soft materials are revolutionizing biosensing technologies, making it an essential read for anyone interested in cutting-edge advancements in biomedical research and healthcare. Soft materials include granular materials, foams, gels, polymers, surfactants, functional organics, and biological molecules. These structures can be altered by thermal or mechanical stress due to their ability to self-organize into mesoscopic physical structures. They are becoming increasingly significant as functional materials for broader applications because of their rich surface chemistry and versatile functions. A biosensor is an analytical tool for chemical compound detection that combines a biological element with a physicochemical detector. Sensitive biological components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, tissue, bacteria, and enzymes, are collected from a biomimetic element that interacts and binds with the analyte under investigation. In biosensors, soft matter may function as both a sensing and transducing component. The interplay of soft matter with biomolecular analytes results in cell signaling pathways, diagnostic tests for applications in low-resource environments, prospective drug development, molecular biodetection, chemical sensors, and biological sensors. Understanding these biomolecular interactions in the context of acute illnesses is critical for biomedical research and healthcare. This has fueled efforts to create a biosensor that is effective, low-cost, and label-free. Several approaches using soft materials to functionalize and tailor structures have greatly advanced science, including chemistry, physics, pharmaceutical science, materials science, and engineering. Soft Materials-Based Biosensing Medical Applications summarizes recent advances in soft materials with unique physicochemical properties that synergistically promote biosensing systems. Audience The book will be read by researchers, materials scientists, electronic and AI engineers, as well as pharmaceutical and biomedical professionals interested in the uses of biosensing.
Foreword xvii Preface xix 1 Introduction to Soft Materials 1 List of Abbreviations 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Brief Introduction to Theories of Soft Matter 2 1.3 Classification of Soft Materials 3 1.4 Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Materials 11 1.5 Characteristics of Soft Matter 12 1.6 Summary 22 References 22 2 Synthesizing Soft Materials: Lab to an Industrial Approach 25 List of Abbreviations 26 2.1 Introduction 27 2.2 Soft Condensed Matter 28 2.3 Synthesis of Smart Functional LCs 38 2.4 Conclusions 66 References 67 3 Liquid Crystal as a Potential Biosensing Material 81 List of Abbreviations 81 3.1 Introduction 82 3.2 Classification of LC Biosensor 84 3.3 LC-Microfluidic Biosensor 90 3.4 Electric Field-Assisted Signal Amplified LC Biosensor 93 3.5 LC-Based Whispering Gallery Mode Microcavity Biosensing 93 3.6 LC Biosensors Using Different Sensing Targets 94 3.7 Summary 98 References 98 4 Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Emulsions for Biosensing 103 List of Abbreviations 103 4.1 Introduction 104 4.2 Fabrication of LC Emulsions 114 4.3 CLCs in Biosensor Applications 118 4.4 Challenges and Opportunities 124 4.5 Conclusions 124 References 125 5 Design and Study of Ionic Hydrogel Strain Sensors for Biomedical Applications 131 List of Abbreviations 131 5.1 Introduction 131 5.2 Applications in Biomedicine 133 5.3 Hydrogels 135 5.4 Hardware 137 5.5 Characteristics of the Hydrogel 139 5.6 Limitations 139 5.7 Conclusions and Further Study 139 Acknowledgments 139 References 140 6 Colloidal Nanoparticles as Potential Optical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers 145 List of Abbreviations 145 6.1 Introduction 146 6.2 Cancer Biomarkers 149 6.3 Colloidal NP–Based Optical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers 150 6.4 Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Perspectives 157 6.5 Conclusions 158 Acknowledgment 159 References 159 7 Polymeric Composite Soft Materials for Anticancer Drug Delivery and Detection 165 List of Abbreviations 166 7.1 Introduction 168 7.2 Polymer Composite Soft Material–Based Anticancer Drug Delivery 176 7.3 Polymer Composite Soft Material–Based Sensors for Anticancer Drug Detection 184 7.4 Discussion 199 7.5 Conclusion 206 Acknowledgment 206 References 206 8 Nanotechnology-Doped Soft Material–Based Biosensors 217 List of Abbreviations 218 8.1 Introduction 218 8.2 The Principle Behind Doped Soft Nanomaterial–Based Biosensor 219 8.3 Classification of Soft Materials 221 8.4 Physical and Chemical Behavior of Soft Material 224 8.5 Synthesis of Soft Nanomaterial–Based Biosensor 225 8.6 Application of Nano-Based Biosensor 227 8.7 Emerging Trends and Future Directions in Nanotechnology-Doped Soft Material–Based Biosensors 227 8.8 Challenges and Limitations 228 8.9 Conclusion 228 References 229 9 Cancer Cell Biomarker Exosomes are Detected by Biosensors Based on Soft Materials 233 9.1 Introduction 233 9.2 Exosome Biogenesis, Isolation, and Study of Exosome Composition 235 9.3 Exosome Profiling 237 9.4 Exosomes Produced by Cancer: Clinical Evaluation 239 9.5 Important Biosensor-Related Components 242 9.6 Soft Material–Based Biosensors are a Recent Development in Cancer Cell Biomarker Exosome Detection 245 9.7 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 261 References 263 10 Natural-Product-Based Soft Materials in Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers 275 List of Abbreviations 276 10.1 Introduction 278 10.2 Biopolymer Composite-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers 281 10.3 Protein/Amino Acid-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Cancer Biomarkers 287 10.4 Opportunities, Future Recommendations, and Challenges 293 10.5 Conclusions 303 10.6 Acknowledgments 303 References 303 11 Recent Advances and Development in 3D Printable Biosensors 311 List of Abbreviations 312 11.1 Introduction 313 11.2 3D Printable Biosensors Based on Technology 317 11.3 3D Printable Biosensors Based on Product Type 326 11.4 3D Printable Biosensors Based on Medical Applications 329 11.5 3D Printable Biosensors Based on Sensor Types 332 11.6 Conclusion 334 References 335 12 Computational Panorama of Soft Material for Biosensing Applications 341 Abbreviations 341 12.1 Introduction 343 12.2 Computational Application of Soft Gel Biosensing Techniques in Microfluids 349 12.3 Computational Panorama of Soft Hydrogel Technique in Diagnostics 350 12.4 Computational Landscaping of Spectroscopy-Based Biosensors and Their Applications 354 12.5 Use of Wearable Biosensors in Computation for Treatment, Diagnosis, and Medical Monitoring 357 12.6 Computational Panorama of Optical Biosensor 359 12.7 Computational Applications of Hydrogel-Based Sensor Networks 360 12.8 Hydrogel-Based Self-Supporting Materials with Computational Panorama for Flexible/Stretchable Sensors 361 12.9 Waterborne Pathogen Detection Using Biosensors and Molecular Techniques 362 12.10 Applications of Biomimetic Electrochemical Devices in Detecting 362 12.11 The Latest Developments in Hydrogels for Sensing Applications 363 12.12 Novel Aerial Image of Dissolving Microneedles Used for Transdermal Medicine Delivery 363 12.13 Making Use of Potentiometric Biosensors to Find Biomarkers 364 12.14 Biosensor Framework Enabled by Multiphoton Effects and Machine Learning 364 12.15 Conclusion 365 References 366 13 Soft Materials for Implantable Biosensors for Humans 369 List of Abbreviations 369 13.1 Introduction 372 13.2 Nature of Implantable Materials 373 13.3 Importance of Soft Materials in the Field of Implantable Biosensors 373 13.4 Types of Soft Materials 377 13.5 Factors Influencing the Implantable Biosensors 382 13.6 Applications of Soft Materials for Implantable Biosensors in Humans 386 13.7 Challenges for Soft Materials for Implantable Biosensors 408 13.8 Recommendation 411 13.9 Conclusions 412 Acknowledgments 412 References 412 14 Treatment of Diabetic Patients with Functionalized Biomaterials 423 List of Abbreviations 423 14.1 Background and Introduction 424 14.2 Mechanism of Insulin Release in Diabetes Mellitus 425 14.3 Relationship Between Diabetic Complications and Glycation Process 426 14.4 Biomaterials and Their Surface Functionalization 428 14.5 Surface Functionalization of Biomaterials Using Surface Modification Technologies 429 14.6 Biomaterials with Natural Polymer Bases to Treat Diabetes 430 14.7 Biomaterials Based on Chitosan for the Treatment of Diabetes 432 14.8 Synthetic Polymer-Based Biomaterials for the Treatment of Diabetes 432 14.9 Hydrogel-Based Adaptable Biomaterials for Managing and Treating Diabetes 434 14.10 Topical Gel-Based Biomaterials for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Therapy 434 14.11 Creating Immunomodulatory Biomaterials to Treat Diabetes 435 14.12 Using Functionalized Biomaterials in Diabetic Wound Management 437 14.13 Applications of Functionalized Biomaterials for Diabetes Mellitus-Related Tissue Engineering 441 14.14 Conclusion and Future Scope 442 Acknowledgments 442 References 442 15 Treatment and Detection of Oral Cancer Using Biosensors: Advances and Prospective 449 List of Abbreviations 449 15.1 Introduction 450 15.2 Therapeutic Value of Mouth Liquids as a Bio Medium 457 15.3 Salivary Metabolomics 459 15.4 Electrochemical Biosensors 459 15.5 Biosensors on a Nanoscale 461 15.6 Conclusions 461 References 462 16 Environmental Aspect of Soft Material: Journey of Sustainable and Cost-Effective Biosensors from Lab to Industry 467 List of Abbreviations 468 16.1 Introduction 469 16.2 Soft Materials 469 16.3 Environmental Impact 472 16.4 Biosensors 474 16.5 Applications of Biosensors in Several Disciplines 478 16.6 Advancement in Biosensors 482 16.7 Fluorescent Tag Biosensors 483 16.8 Plasmonic Fiber Optic Biosensors 485 16.9 Conclusion 486 References 487 Index 493
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Subject Areas: Mechanical engineering & materials [TG]
