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Small and Micro Combined Heat and Power (CHP) Systems
Advanced Design, Performance, Materials and Applications
R Beith (Edited by)
9781845697952, Elsevier Science
Hardback, published 30 April 2011
560 pages
23.4 x 15.6 x 3.2 cm, 0.95 kg
Small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems are a form of cogeneration technology suitable for domestic and community buildings, commercial establishments and industrial facilities, as well as local heat networks. One of the benefits of using cogeneration plant is a vastly improved energy efficiency: in some cases achieving up to 80–90% systems efficiency, whereas small-scale electricity production is typically at well below 40% efficiency, using the same amount of fuel. This higher efficiency affords users greater energy security and increased long-term sustainability of energy resources, while lower overall emissions levels also contribute to an improved environmental performance.
Small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems provides a systematic and comprehensive review of the technological and practical developments of small and micro CHP systems.
Part one opens with reviews of small and micro CHP systems and their techno-economic and performance assessment, as well as their integration into distributed energy systems and their increasing utilisation of biomass fuels. Part two focuses on the development of different types of CHP technology, including internal combustion and reciprocating engines, gas turbines and microturbines, Stirling engines, organic Rankine cycle process and fuel cell systems. Heat-activated cooling (i.e. trigeneration) technologies and energy storage systems, of importance to the regional/seasonal viability of this technology round out this section. Finally, part three covers the range of applications of small and micro CHP systems, from residential buildings and district heating, to commercial buildings and industrial applications, as well as reviewing the market deployment of this important technology.
With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems is an essential reference work for anyone involved or interested in the design, development, installation and optimisation of small and micro CHP systems.
Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy Preface Part I: Introduction to small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems Chapter 1: Overview of small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems Abstract: 1.1 Introduction to cogeneration - a short history 1.2 Types of technology and potential applications 1.3 Energy efficiency improvement 1.4 Cost benefits and emissions reduction 1.5 Grid connection 1.6 Barriers to combined heat and power (CHP) 1.7 Future trends Chapter 2: Techno-economic assessment of small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 The economics of combined heat and power (CHP) 2.3 Techno-economics for onsite generation 2.4 A specific modelling methodology 2.5 Case study: micro combined heat and power (CHP) 2.6 Future trends 2.7 Sources of further information and advice Chapter 3: Thermodynamics, performance analysis and computational modelling of small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Types of combined heat and power (CHP) systems 3.3 Thermodynamics of cogeneration 3.4 Performance analysis of cogeneration cycles 3.5 Theory of heat exchangers 3.6 Worked example 3.7 Computational modelling of a combined heat and power (CHP) cycle 3.8 Analysis of the computational model of the combined heat and power (CHP) system 3.9 Case study: system performance of a biogasdriven small combined heat and power (CHP) system in a sewage works 3.10 Sources of further information and advice Chapter 4: Integration of small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems into distributed energy systems Abstract: 4.1 Distributed energy resources (DER) 4.2 The value of distributed generation 4.3 Conditions for profitable decentralized generation 4.4 Evaluating the ‘full value’ of being network connected 4.5 Recommendations to distribution system operators (DSO) and regulators 4.6 Acknowledgement Chapter 5: Biomass fuels for small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems: resources, conversion and applications Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Characterisation of solid biomass fuels 5.3 Biomass conversion technologies 5.4 Current development of small and micro scale biomass combined heat and power (CHP) technologies 5.5 Conclusions 5.6 Acknowledgements Part II: Development of small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems and technology Chapter 6: Internal combustion and reciprocating engine systems for small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) applications Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Types, properties and design of engine 6.3 Engine operating characteristics and performance 6.4 Installation and practical aspects 6.5 Commercially available units 6.6 Conclusions Chapter 7: Microturbine systems for small combined heat and power (CHP) applications Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Cycle performance 7.3 Types and properties of microturbine components 7.4 Operation 7.5 Manufacturers and applications 7.6 Future trends 7.7 Sources of further information and advice Chapter 8: Stirling engine systems for small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) applications Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Definition of a Stirling engine 8.3 Why Stirling engines are suited to micro combined heat and power (CHP) 8.4 The Stirling cycle 8.5 Types of Stirling engine 8.6 Development of Stirling engines for micro combined heat and power (CHP) applications 8.7 Micro combined heat and power (CHP) design and system integration 8.8 Applications and future trends 8.9 Sources of further information and advice Chapter 9: Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) based waste heat/waste fuel recovery systems for small combined heat and power (CHP) applications Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Principle of the organic Rankine cycle (ORC) process 9.3 Typical process heat sources and operating ranges for organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems 9.4 Benefits and disadvantages of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) process as compared to waterbased systems 9.5 Selection of working fluid for organic Rankine cycle (ORC) systems 9.6 Process system alternatives 9.7 Background and summary of commercial development and exploitation 9.8 Efficiency and typical costs for current organic Rankine cycle (ORC) plants Chapter 10: Fuel cell systems for small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) applications Abstract: 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Fundamentals of operation, types and properties of fuel cells 10.3 Fuel cell systems 10.4 Operating conditions and performance 10.5 Commercial development and future trends 10.6 Sources of further information and advice Chapter 11: Heat-activated cooling technologies for small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) applications Abstract: 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Introduction to small-scale trigeneration 11.3 Types of cooling systems and their applications 11.4 Open sorption cycles: desiccant dehumidification 11.5 Closed sorption cycles: absorption and adsorption heat pumps 11.6 Steam ejector cycle 11.7 Component-specific efficiency and effectiveness metrics 11.8 System-wide performance and efficiency metrics 11.9 Advantages and limitations of heat-activated cooling 11.10 Future trends 11.11 Sources of further information and advice 11.14 Appendix 1: Nomenclature and abbreviations 11.15 Appendix 2: Notes on terminology Chapter 12: Energy storage for small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems Abstract: 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Types of energy storage (ES) systems 12.3 Applications of electrical energy storage 12.4 Applications for combined heat and power (CHP) systems 12.5 Grid services applications and relationship to combined heat and power (CHP) 12.6 Electrical vehicles 12.7 Large-scale and small-scale storage - conceptual planning 12.8 The development and application of thermal storage 12.9 Future trends 12.10 Sources of further information and advice Part III: Application of small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems Chapter 13: Micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems for residential and small commercial buildings Abstract: 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Basic issues and energy requirements 13.3 Types of system for residential and small commercial buildings 13.4 Domestic applications for micro combined heat and power (CHP) 13.5 Small commercial buildings and other potential applications 13.6 Advantages and limitations 13.7 Future trends 13.8 Sources of further information and advice Chapter 14: District and community heating aspects of combined heat and power (CHP) systems Abstract: 14.1 Introduction 14.2 How to get started 14.3 Heat sources 14.4 Pipework installation issues and design considerations 14.5 Control system and consumer installations 14.6 Case study: Lerwick, Shetland 14.7 Case study: Aars, Denmark 14.8 Future trends 14.9 Sources for further information and advice Chapter 15: Small combined heat and power (CHP) systems for commercial buildings and institutions Abstract: 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Basic issues and energy requirements 15.3 Small combined heat and power (CHP) use in commercial buildings and institutions 15.4 Small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) technology 15.5 Application of small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) technology in buildings 15.6 Performance analysis and optimisation 15.7 Merits and limitations of small-scale combined heat and power (CHP) 15.8 Future trends 15.9 Sources of further information and advice Chapter 16: Small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems for the food and beverage processing industries Abstract: 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Food processing and energy requirements - examples for specific food and drink industries 16.3 Heat and power integration of food total sites 16.4 Types of small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) suitable for the food industry 16.5 Established combined heat and power (CHP) technologies for the food industry 16.6 High-efficiency technologies in theoretical and demonstration stages 16.7 Integration of renewables and waste with food industry energy demands 16.8 Potential applications 16.9 Future trends 16.10 Sources of further information and advice Chapter 17: Biomass-based small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems: application and status in the United Kingdom Abstract: 17.1 UK energy policy and targets 17.2 Renewables and combined heat and power (CHP) in the UK 17.3 Technical challenges for small-scale biomass combined heat and power (CHP) systems 17.4 Capital costs for small-scale biomass combined heat and power (CHP) systems 17.5 Conclusions Chapter 18: Thermal-engine-based small and micro combined heat and power (CHP) systems for domestic applications: modelling micro-CHP deployment Abstract: 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Prime movers deployed in micro and small combined heat and power (CHP) systems 18.3 Product development in the micro and small combined heat and power (CHP) market 18.4 Overview of the method for estimation of economical and environmental benefits from deployment of micro combined heat and power (MCHP) technology in buildings 18.5 Heat demand modelling 18.6 Electrical demand 18.7 Performance mapping 18.8 Economic and environmental analysis Epilogue Index
Subject Areas: Alternative & renewable energy sources & technology [THX]
