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Safety and Biological Effects in MRI
Devashish Shrivastava (Edited by), D Shrivastava (Author), J. Thomas Vaughan (Edited by)
9781118821305, Wiley
Hardback, published 3 December 2020
576 pages
24.9 x 19.6 x 3.3 cm, 1.383 kg
In vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has evolved into a versatile and critical, if not ‘gold standard’, imaging tool with applications ranging from the physical sciences to the clinical ‘-ology’. In addition, there is a vast amount of accumulated but unpublished inside knowledge on what is needed to perform a safe, in vivo MRI. The goal of this comprehensive text, written by an outstanding group of world experts, is to present information about the effect of the MRI environment on the human body, and tools and methods to quantify such effects. By presenting such information all in one place, the expectation is that this book will help everyone interested in the Safety and Biological Effects in MRI find relevant information relatively quickly and know where we stand as a community. The information is expected to improve patient safety in the MR scanners of today, and facilitate developing faster, more powerful, yet safer MR scanners of tomorrow. This book is arranged in three sections. The first, named ‘Static and Gradient Fields’ (Chapters 1-9), presents the effects of static magnetic field and the gradients of magnetic field, in time and space, on the human body. The second section, named ‘Radiofrequency Fields’ (Chapters 10-30), presents ways to quantify radiofrequency (RF) field induced heating in patients undergoing MRI. The effect of the three fields of MRI environment (i.e. Static Magnetic Field, Time-varying Gradient Magnetic Field, and RF Field) on medical devices, that may be carried into the environment with patients, is also included. Finally, the third section, named ‘Engineering’ (chapters 31-35), presents the basic background engineering information regarding the equipment (i.e. superconducting magnets, gradient coils, and RF coils) that produce the Static Magnetic Field, Time-varying Gradient Magnetic Field, and RF Field. The book is intended for undergraduate and post-graduate students, engineers, physicists, biologists, clinicians, MR technologists, other healthcare professionals, and everyone else who might be interested in looking into the role of MRI environment on patient safety, as well as those just wishing to update their knowledge of the state of MRI safety. Those, who are learning about MRI or training in magnetic resonance in medicine, will find the book a useful compendium of the current state of the art of the field.
Contributors Series Preface Preface Acknowledgments Part A: Static and Gradient Fields 1 Static and Low Frequency Electromagnetic Fields and Their Effects in MRIs 3 2 Magnetic-field-induced Vertigo in the MR Environment 23 3 Effects of Magnetic Fields and Field Gradients on Living Cells 33 4 Effect of Strong Time-varying Magnetic Field Gradients on Humans 53 5 Peripheral Nerve Stimulation Modeling for MRI 67 6 Magnetically Induced Force and Torque on Medical Devices 87 7 A Review of MRI Acoustic Noise and its Potential Impact on Patient and Worker Health 95 8 Modeling Blood Flow 119 9 Effect of Magnetic Field on Blood Flow 133 Part B: Radiofrequency Fields 10 Safety Standards for MRI 161 11 On the Choice of RF Safety Metric in MRI: Temperature, SAR, or Thermal Dose 173 12 RF Coil and MR Safety 181 13 Local SAR Assessment for Multitransmit Systems: A Study on the Peak Local SAR Value as a Function of Magnetic Field Strength 195 14 Radio Frequency Safety Assessment for Open Source Pulse Sequence Programming 207 15 RF Heating Due to a 3T Birdcage Whole-body Transmit Coil in Anesthetized Sheep 219 16 In Vivo Radiofrequency Heating due to 1.5, 3, and 7 T Whole-body Volume Coils 227 17 Temperature Management and Radiofrequency Heating During Pediatric MRI Scans 239 18 Failure to Monitor and Maintain Thermal Comfort During an MRI Scan: A Perspective from a Thermal Physiologist Turned Patient 245 19 MR Thermometry to Assess Heating Induced by RF Coils Used in MRI 251 20 Heating of RF coil 273 21 RF-Induced Heating in Bare and Covered Stainless Steel Rods: Effect of Length, Covering, and Diameter 289 22 On the Development of a Novel Leg Phantom for RF Safety Assessment for Circular Ring External Fixation Devices in 1.5 T 295 23 RF Safety of Active Implantable Medical Devices 311 24 An Analysis of Factors Influencing MRI RF Safety for Patients with AIMDs 333 25 On Using Fluoroptic Thermometry to Measure Time-varying Temperatures in MRI 345 26 On Using Magnetic Resonance Thermometry to Measure ‘Strong’ Spatio-temporal Tissue Temperature Variations and Compute Thermal Dose 351 27 The Use and Safety of Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles in MRI and MFH 361 28 Numerical Simulation for MRI RF Coils and Safety 379 29 Integral Equation Approach to Modeling RF Fields in Human Body in MRI Systems for Safety 399 30 Safety Practices and Protocols in the MR Research Center of the Columbia University in the City of New York 407 Part C: Engineering 31 History, Physics, and Design of Superconducting Magnets for MRI 423 32 Fabrication of Superconducting Magnets for MRI 447 33 Magnet Field Shimming and External Ferromagnetic Influences on the Homogeneity and Site Shielding of Superconducting MRI Magnets 469 34 Gradient Coils 489 35 RF Coil Construction for MRI 504 Index 521
Zhenyu Zhang and Stuart Feltham
Paul Glover
Jarek Wosik, Martha Villagran, Ahmed Uosef, Rafik M. Ghobrial, John H. Miller Jr., and Malgorzata Kloc
John Nyenhuis and David Gross
Mathias Davids, Bastien Guérin, Lothar R. Schad, and Lawrence L. Wald
Terry O. Woods
Michael C. Steckner
Michael Keith Sharp
G.C. Shit and Sreeparna Majee
Michael C. Steckner
Devashish Shrivastava
J. Thomas Vaughan
Alexander J.E. Raaijmakers and Bart R. Steensma
Sairam Geethanath, Julie Kabil, and J. Thomas Vaughan
Samat Turdumamatov, Ça˘gda¸s Oto, Oktay Algın, Hamza Ergüder, and Tahir Malas
Shuo Song, Ji Chen, Rongxing Zhang, Qiang He, J. Thomas Vaughan, and Devashish Shrivastava
Stanley Thomas Fricke, Marjean H. Cefaratti, and Andrew Matisoff
Christopher J. Gordon
Henrik Odéen, John Rock Hadley, Dylan Palomino, Katelynn Stroth, and Dennis L. Parker
Joseph Murphy-Boesch
Sunder Rajan, Peter Serano, Joshua Guag, Tayeb Zaidi, Kyoko Fujimoto, Maria Ida Iacono, and Leonardo M. Angelone
Xing Huang and Ji Chen
Berk Silemek, Volkan Açıkel, and Ergin Atalar
Jingshen Liu, Jianfeng Zheng, Qingyan Wang, and Ji Chen
Devashish Shrivastava, Mykhaylo Nosovskyy, and Charles A. Lemaire
Devashish Shrivastava
Hattie L. Ring, John C. Bischof, and Michael Garwood
Julie M. Kabil and Anand Gopinath
Anand Gopinath
Kathleen Durkin, Dania Elder, and David H. Gultekin
Bruce Breneman
Bruce Breneman
Bruce Breneman
Maxim Zaitsev, Philipp Amrein, Feng Jia, and Sebastian Littin
J. Thomas Vaughan and Russell Lagore
Subject Areas: Other branches of medicine [MM]
