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Royal Commentaries of the Incas and General History of Peru, Part Two
Harold V. Livermore (Translated by), (Author)
9781477300008, University of Texas Press
Paperback / softback, published 19 December 2014
950 pages
22.9 x 15.2 x 5 cm, 0.454 kg
Garcilaso de la Vega, the first native of the New World to attain importance as a writer in the Old, was born in Cuzco in 1539, the illegitimate son of a Spanish cavalier and an Inca princess. Although he was educated as a gentleman of Spain and won an important place in Spanish letters, Garcilaso was fiercely proud of his Indian ancestry and wrote under the name El Inca. Royal Commentaries of the Incas is the account of the origin, growth, and destruction of the Inca empire, from its legendary birth until the death in 1572 of its last independent ruler. For the material in Part One of Royal Commentaries-the history of the Inca civilization prior to the arrival of the Spaniards-Garcilaso drew upon "what I often heard as a child from the lips of my mother and her brothers and uncles and other elders . . . [of] the origin of the Inca kings, their greatness, the grandeur of their empire, their deeds and conquests, their government in peace and war, and the laws they ordained so greatly to the advantage of their vassals." The conventionalized and formal history of an oral tradition, Royal Commentaries describes the gradual imposition of order and civilization upon a primitive and barbaric world. To this Garcilaso adds facts about the geography and the flora and fauna of the land; the folk practices, religion, and superstitions; the agricultural and the architectural and engineering achievements of the people; and a variety of other information drawn from his rich store of traditional knowledge, personal observation, or speculative philosophy. Important though it is as history, Garcilaso's classic is much more: it is also a work of art. Its gracious and graceful style, skillfully translated by Harold V. Livermore, succeeds in bringing to life for the reader a genuine work of literature. Part Two covers the Spanish conquest of the Incas.
the beginnings of the conquest
only thirteen remain with him
mbez
a reports what he has seen and they all return to Panama
mbez
mbez
s reception of the Spanish embassy
s reply
they all prepare to receive the Inca
s speech accurately
s reply to the friar’
s discourse
the steps taken to collect it
s journey to PachacÁ
mac
the events of the journey
scar Inca implores the help of the two scouts
scar Inca
the signs and fears Atahuallpa has of his approaching end
The execution of Atahuallpa as a result of deceit and false information”
the amount of his ransom
s body to Quito
RumiÑ
aui’
s treachery
aui buries alive all the chosen virgins of one of the convents
llar and come to terms with the other prisoners
and BelalcÁ
zar, to punish RumiÑ
aui
Prince Manco Inca comes to speak to the governor, who gives him a great reception
the answer he receives
zquiz
the number of the dead
s unfortunate death
zquiz is killed by his own men
his agreement with the marquis
his army is much weakened
his welcome by the Inca’
s representatives
Almagro prepares to return to Peru, and the reason why
Prince Manco Inca again asks for the return of his empire, and the answer given him
Hernando Pizarro’
s arrival in Peru
and the arrest of the Inca
s rising
two miracles on behalf of the Christians
and a duel between two Indians
llac Umu
the punishment of the interpreter Felipe
Prince Manco Inca abandons his empire
arrest of Hernando Pizarro
the events of the journey
ncay and capture of Alonso de Alvarado and his followers
Gonzalo Pizarro escapes from prison
the sentence of the judges on the question of the jurisdictions
the interview of the two governors and the release of Hernando Pizarro
Hernando Pizarro attacks Almagro
the return to Spain of Henando Pizarro and his long imprisonment
how they made a wooden bridge and a brigantine to cross a large river
his death
the Chilean party plans to kill the marquis
how they perpetrate the deed
On the customs and qualities of the marquis Don Francisco Pizarro and the adelantado Don Diego de Almagro”
his inventions for succoring those he felt to be in need
he sends instructions to various parts of the kingdom
they are defied
s service, and those adopted by Don Diego
the appointment in Spain of Vaca de Castro to be judge of the events of Peru
HolguÍ
n and his men deceive Don Diego de Almagro and join Don Alonso de Alvarado
he sends his army forward, and takes other necessary steps in His Majesty’
s interest
the death of CristÓ
bal de Sotelo at the hands of GarcÍ
a de Alvarado, and that of GarcÍ
a de Alvarado by Don Diego de Almagro
and Gonzalo Pizarro leaves La Canela after having undergone incredible hardships
he writes to the governor offering his person and his men
the answer
the terms offered by the governor to Don Diego de Almagro
the beginning of the battle
the death of Captain Pedro de CandÍ
a
a miscalculation by Don Diego’
s followers
the victory of the governor and flight of Don Diego
the number of the dead
the punishment of the guilty and the death of Don Diego de Almagro
peace and quiet in Peru
the cause of the disturbances there
and the description of the imperial city of Mexico
the disapproval and disturbances resulting from them, and how they are put down, and the successful issue brought about by the prudence and wisdom of the visitor in the whole empire of Mexico
Ñ
ez Vela on his arrival in Tierra Firme and on the confines of Peru
the disturbance caused by the news of the execution of the ordinances and the insubordinate talk that ensues
de las Casas
how they prepare to receive the viceroy
s reception
the arrest of Vaca de Castro
the public scandal and the passions aroused in the viceroy and the rest
Prince Manco Inca and the Spaniards with him write to the viceroy
the disturbances among the Spaniards about the ordinances
four cities write to Gonzalo Pizarro
he is elected procurator general of Peru and raises men to take to Lima
the viceroy summons men, chooses captains, and arrests Licentiate Vaca de Castro and other leading men
n ships to the viceroy
the vecinos of Cuzco flee from Pizarro’
s army
Ñ
ez Vela and goes over to Gonzalo Pizarro, and others whom the viceroy sends after him do the same
guez and his friends
his death and that of some others
n SuÁ
rez de Carvajal and the scandal and unrest it causes throughout Peru
s advance on Lima
the open opposition of the judges
a plot in Lima against the judges, and its results
the viceroy’
s release
the unfortunate fate of the vecinos who had fled from him
the death of some of the leading citizens because the judges delayed appointing him governor
his entry into Lima
the death of Captain Gumiel
the release of the vecinos of Cuzco
a general pardon granted to those who had fled
the place where Garcilaso de la Vega had withdrawn and how he obtained pardon from Gonzalo Pizarro
Pizarro and his friends appoint procurators to come to Spain
s anger at the escape of Vaca de Castro
Bachicao goes to Panama
and the viceroy issues orders calling up soldiers
s doings in Panama
Licentiate Vaca de Castro comes to Spain
the end of his affairs
the viceroy retires to Quito
s behead three of the viceroy’
s
he avenges them by force of arms
Gonzalo embarks for the city of Trujillo
s great precautions crossing a desert
he comes within sight of the viceroy, who retreats to Quito
Lorenzo de Aldana’
s prudence and good government
the hunger and hardship experienced by both sides
the violent deaths of the viceroy’
s commander and captains
the rising of Diego Centeno
Alonso de Toro resists him, and the long chase after him
suspicions of disorders in Lima
Lorenzo de Aldana pacifies them
Pizarro sends his commander Francisco de Carvajal to Los Charcas
his deeds on the way
he commits a strange act of cruelty against a soldier
a trick another played on him
Pedro de Hinojosa goes to Panama with Pizarro’
s fleet
Ñ
ez on the way
the preparations made to resist him in Panama, and how the fire was quelled
how he was expelled from the last-named city
Ñ
ez Vela reforms his army at PopayÁ
n
Gonzalo Pizarro pretends to go to Quito [Los Charcas] to drive him out
the viceroy pursues Pedro de Puelles
s burial
Gonzalo Pizarro’
s actions after the burial
he spares Vela NÚ
Ñ
ez
the good laws he makes for the administration of the empire
other occurrences until the end of this campaign
the kinds of poison used by the Indians for their arrows
how Lope de Mendoza returned to Peru
s head to Arequipa
a woman’
s saying
a revolt against Carvajal and his punishment of it
the persuasions of others on this matter
he leaves Quito and goes to Trujillo and Lima
the celebrations on his arrival
he tells of the death of Vela NÚ
Ñ
ez and the arrival of Francisco de Carvajal in Lima, and his reception
his arrival at Santa Marta and Nombre de Dios
his reception and the events and negotiations that occurred there
n MejÍ
a to Panama to pacify Hinojosa, and despatches an ambassador to Gonzalo Pizarro, who, on learning of the president’
s arrival, sends ambassadors to the emperor
they and those already there repudiate Gonzalo and deliver their fleet to the president
Paniagua reaches Lima
the secret messages given to Paniagua, and Gonzalo Pizarro’
s reply
Diego Centeno comes forth from his cave, and other captains rally to serve His Majesty
Gonzalo burns his ships
Carvajal’
s remarks on the subject
mbez
Aldana reaches the valley of Santa
he sends spies out against Gonzalo, who appoints captains and pays them
a suit against the president
they lie in wait for one another
the death of Pedro de Puelles
Centeno’
s entry into Cuzco and his fight with Pedro Maldonado
s fight
the death of Antonio de Robles
the election of Diego Centeno as captain general
the reduction of Lucas MartÍ
n to the royal service
the agreement between Alonso de Mendoza and Centeno
mbez
the measures he takes there
Gonzalo sends Juan de Acosta against Centeno
Aldana approaches Lima, and Gonzalo takes an oath of loyalty from his followers
many leading men desert Gonzalo
n de Robles uses a trick and flees
Aldana lands
a great disturbance in the city
s captains and soldiers flee
Gonzalo Pizarro reaches Huarina, and sends a message to Centeno
the reply
s own messenger
Gonzalo’
s despair
the president reaches Jauja where he finds Francisco Vosso
he sends Acosta to make a night attack
Centeno draws up his men and Pizarro does likewise
Carvajal’
s stratagem, and the personal deeds of Gonzalo Pizarro and other famous knights
individual feats of arms
Gonzalo Pizarro’
s victory
what Carvajal did after the battle
the flight of Centeno, and incidents among the vanquished
and in case he is not believed, takes pride in what the historians say about his father
s distress and that of his army at Gonzalo Pizarro’
s victory
the new measures he takes
his reply
the death of Hernando Bachicao
Gonzalo’
s entry into Cuzco
the captains selected by the president
how he leaves Jauja and comes to Antahuailla
the rejoicings that take place there
it crosses the river AbÁ
ncay
the difficulty of crossing the river ApurÍ
mac
a project to make four bridges
a plan of Carvajal’
s rejected by Gonzalo Pizarro
Gonzalo’
s scouts cut two of them
the disturbance in the royal army
Carvajal recommends Juan de Acosta to defend the river crossing
mac
the difficulties and dangers with which they cross it
Juan de Acosta comes out to defend the crossing
his carelessness and negligence with regard to the whole expedition
Carvajal tries to prevent this, recalling a prophecy about his life
the president marches toward Cuzco, and the opposing army comes out to meet him
Gonzalo’
s distrust of Centeno’
s men incorporated in his army, and the president’
s confidence that many will desert to him
Pizarro’
s request and protestations and La Gasca’
s reply
they decide to give battle
the array of the royal army
his conversation with the president
the capture of Francisco de Carvajal
the capture of the other captains
s visitors while he is under arrest
his conversations with those who come to triumph over him
what the authors say of his character and military skill
s dress
some of his stories and jests
the last of which tells of what happened to a boy with one of Carvajal’
s quarters
the charity he asked for at the hour of his death
his character and good qualities
the scandal caused among the Indians by the sight of Spaniards being whipped
the harassing of the president by the claimants, and his departure from the city to carry out the allocation
he writes a letter to the unlucky claimants, which drives them to desperate deeds
the allocations given to Pedro de Hin ojosa and his companions
the surprise of the recipients
ndez GirÓ
n unreasonably takes great offence at the distribution, and is granted a commission to explore and make new conquests
the punishment of Francisco de Espinosa and Diego de Carvajal
the conditions imposed on him by his followers, and the president’
s ingenuity in releasing him
the foundation of the city of La Paz
the establishment of the audiencia at Lima
the suppression of a rising
his patience in the face of insulting words applied to him
his skill and ingenuity in holding off the claimants
the delivery of the galley slaves to Rodrigo NiÑ
o to bring to Spain
his great ingenuity and cunning in escaping from a pirate
o’
s galley slaves take flight, and he drives off one who remains behind with his dagger
the penalty for this, and the favor shown by Prince Maximilian
the president leaves for Spain
the death of Licentiate Cepeda
the arrival of the president in Panama
What happened to Hernando and Pedro de Contreras, who were in Nicaragua and went in pursuit of the president”
the pains and ingenuity of their enemies in seeking their punishment and death
ndez GirÓ
n announces his expedition
many soldiers hasten to join it
they cause a great disturbance and rising in Cuzco which is pacified by the prudence and good sense of some of the citizens
nimo Costilla flee from Cuzco
Francisco HernÁ
ndez GirÓ
n appears before the royal audiencia, and returns to Cuzco a free man and married
the story of another ris ing in Cuzco
the causes of these risings set forth
he sends his son Don Francisco to visit the country as far as Charcas, and sends him to Spain with a report on it
a severe sentence by a judge
how Aguirre escapes
s hand
an incident with a gossip
a revolt in Lima and its punishment
the death of the viceroy and the scandals that follow
n de Robles and Pablo de Meneses
the satisfaction given in it
Pedro de Hinojosa’
s departure for Charcas
the great number of soldiers he found ready for a rising
the warning given the corregidor
the vain hopes with which he entertained the soldiers
his bold words and lukewarmness
the soldiers plot to kill him
n de Castilla and his companions kill the corregidor Pedro de Hinojosa and his deputy Alonso de Castro
some of the citizens flee and others are arrested
the officers appointed by the rebels
n
his instructions to Egas de GuzbÁ
n to rebel in PotosÍ
and the strange events that took place there
n and his officers send captains and soldiers to kill the marshal
Juan RamÓ
n, their leader, disarms Don GarcÍ
a and his supporters
at this news Don SebastiÁ
n is killed by those who made him their leader
Vasco GodÍ
nez’
s election as general
the death of Don GarcÍ
a and many others without confession
Egas de GuzmÁ
n drawn and quartered, and other excesses committed by the soldiers
the death of many famous men
preparations in Cuzco against the rebels
the judge’
s measures and those taken by the soldiers
the arrest of Vasco GodÍ
nez and other soldiers and citizens
, condemning them to death, the lash, and the galleys
he does the same in Silver City
the sentence and death of Vasco GodÍ
nez
ndez GirÓ
n conspires to rebel
ndez rebels in Cuzco
the events of the night of the rebellion
the flight of many citizens from the city
ndez arrests the corregidor, goes out into the square, releases the prisoners from jail, and has Don Baltasar de Castilla and the treasurer Juan de CÁ
ceres killed
ndez appoints a commander and captains of his army
two cities send envoys to him
the number of citizens who fled to Lima
he banishes the corregidor from Cuzco
ndez has himself elected procurator and captain general of the empire
the royal judges appoint officers for the war
and the marshal does the same
candidates for the position of captain general
Francisco HernÁ
ndez leaves Cuzco to oppose the judges
ndez
the people of Cuzco go off to join the marshal
Sancho Duarte recruits men and makes himself their general
the marshal puts him down
Francisco HernÁ
ndez reaches Huamanga
the scouts of the two sides meet
s captains capture a rebel captain and forty men, and hand them over to one of the royal judges
Francisco HernÁ
ndez decides to attack the royal army
many of his followers desert.
ndez withdraws with his army
much confusion of purpose in His Majesty’
s camp
a revolt in the city of Piura and how it ended
the death of NuÑ
o Mendiola, a captain on Francisco HernÁ
ndez’
s side, and of Lope Martim, a captain on His Majesty’
s side
Francisco HernÁ
ndez turns on him and delivers a fierce attack
the unlucky death of Miguel Cornejo
the loyalty of a horse to its owner
Francisco HernÁ
ndez reaches Nanasca
a double spy brings him much information
the rebel leader raises a force of Negroes
he reaches Cuzco and gives pursuit to Francisco HernÁ
ndez
the unfortunate death of Captain Diego de Almendras
approach and sends men out to oppose them
a skirmish between the two forces takes place, and all those on the king’
s side decide against giving battle
s camp
Rodrigo de Pineda goes over to the king’
s side and persuades the marshal to give battle
the clash of opinions about this
the marshal’
s determination to fight
Francisco HernÁ
ndez disposes his defences
incidents in the struggle
the deaths of many prominent men
ndez is victorious
the marshal and his men take flight from the scene of the battle
many of them are killed by Indians on the way
s camp by the marshal’
s defeat
the steps taken by the royal judges to repair the damage
their disagreements about whether to accompany the royal army or not
the flight of a rebel captain to the king’
s side
ndez does after the battle
he sends officers to various parts of the kingdom to sack the cities
the silver stolen from the citizens of Cuzco
the deeds of Piedrahita at Arequipa
his victory, owing to the divisions of the people there
ndez avoids entering Cuzco
he takes his wife with him
ncay River and the ApurÍ
mac with unexpected ease
its scouts reach the city of Cuzco
s army enters Cuzco and continues beyond the city
how the Indians carried the artillery on their backs
part of the munitions reaches the royal army
s army reaches the enemy’
s stronghold
it camps on a flat piece of ground and fortifies its positions
skirmishes occur and the royalists suffer reverses
Piedrahita raids the royal army
Francisco HernÁ
ndez decides to do battle with the royal judges
their precautions
ndez goes out to do battle
he retreats as the attack miscarries
TomÁ
s VÁ
squez goes over to the royal forces
a prophecy made by the rebel leader
ndez flees alone
his commander with more than a hundred men takes another route
General Pablo de Meneses pursues them, captures them, and executes justice on them
ndez
two other captains set out with the same purpose by another road
they capture the rebel and take him to Lima, which they enter as if in triumph
they have difficult interviews with importunate soldiers
they execute Francisco HernÁ
ndez GirÓ
n
his head is placed on the municipal pillar
a gentleman steals it, with those of Gonzalo Pizarro and Francisco de Carvajal
the strange death of Baltasar VelÁ
zquez
a private quarrel among the Indians at one of these feasts
ete as viceroy of Peru
his arrival at Tierra Firme
the fugitive Negroes are recaptured
the burning of a galleon with eight hundred people aboard
his appointment of new officials
he writes letters to the corregidors
the execution of TomÁ
s VÁ
zquez, Piedrahita, and Alonso DÍ
az for having followed Francisco HernÁ
ndez GirÓ
n
n de Robles and the reason why he is killed
how he sends thirty-seven of them in exile to Spain as envious and disloyal schemers
s service
the negotiations for this purpose
s governors about the Christian embassy
their cunning and devices to assure themselves
opinions differ
the Inca decides to go
he arrives at Lima and is received by the viceroy
the Inca’
s reply to the grant for his sustenance
pac returns to Cuzco where his people receive him with rejoicing
he and the princess are baptized
the name he takes and the visits he pays in the city
the natural deaths of four of the conquerors
Don GarcÍ
a de Mendoza goes as governor to Chile, and his adventure with the Indians
ndez GirÓ
n’
s revolt receive their Indians
the departure of Pedro de OrsÚ
a for the conquest of the Amazon
his end and death and that of many of his companions
a message sent by him to his predecessor
the death of the marquis of CaÑ
ete and of the count of Nieva
the arrival of Don GarcÍ
a de Mendoza in Spain
the election of Licentiate Castro as governor of Peru
the causes of his persecution of Prince Inca TÚ
pac Amaru, and the arrest of this poor prince
their deaths and end
the sentence pronounced on the prince, his reply, and how he receives holy baptism
the consultations to prevent it
the viceroy refuses to heed them
the courageous death of the Inca
he is rebuked by His Catholic Majesty
his end and death
the death of Governor MartÍ
n GarcÍ
a Loyola