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Productive Failure
Unlocking Deeper Learning Through the Science of Failing
Praise for Productive Failure “Productive Failure perfectly defines the power and science of learning from failure; a must-read for anyone looking to transform their game, not just in sport, but in all walks of life.” —Kapil Dev, India’s first Cricket World Cup Winning Captain “This book reveals the transformative power of Productive Failure through compelling narratives, insightful research, and practical strategies. Manur Kapur shows how embracing failure is a critical tool for progress, innovation, resilience, and triumph.” —John Hattie, Melbourne Laureate Professor Emeritus, Chief Academic Advisor, Corwin, technical advisor to i-Ready Assessment, and co-director of Hattie Family Foundation “It’s a truism these days that you have to fail to succeed. To learn from failure, we need a wise guide like Dr. Manu Kapur, who shows us that failure is the secret recipe of success. With his expert guidance, Dr. Kapur demonstrates how to fail productively in ways that move you forward instead of setting you back. Grounded in solid research and filled with practical advice, Productive Failure is a pleasure to read.” —Dr. Keith Sawyer, professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and author of Learning to See: Inside the World’s Leading Art and Design Schools “A stunning book that goes to the heart of deep learning, both in theory and in practice. An eye opener about powerful ways to achieve mastery learning through exploration and conceptual play. This, for me, goes to the heart of how I learned as a kid. I was also fortunate enough to be mentored and challenged within this approach throughout most of my formal education. I was totally entranced on reading this incredibly mind shaping book both as a teacher and then later, as a research director. A must read for everyone interested in learning and growth!” —John Seely Brown, former chief scientist, Xerox Corporation, and director, Xerox PARC (Palo Alto Research Center), author, and learning innovation guru “At a time when there is concern regarding the quality of outcomes in education, fresh approaches to learning and teaching are much needed. Productive Failure brings new and applicable thinking to values first espoused by Socrates, relating to the importance of failure in our learning journeys. Manu Kapur’s timely research, detailed in this captivating book, encourages us to design for failure, to start with the problem rather than being fed the solution. It is affirming to all of us who have experienced failure and have thereby grown stronger.” —Sue Cunningham, President and CEO, Council for Advancement and Support of Education (CASE) “An accessible mix of science and practice, Manu Kapur’s carefully crafted argument about the value of Productive Failure is relevant in two important ways. First and foremost, it concretizes a fundamental human truth: deep learning and meaning making require engaged struggle with the issue at hand—a struggle that is immensely enriched by embracing failure. And beyond its universal educational implications, the book is also of special relevance today, when in all fields, the promise of generative AI could easily lure us into thinking that we now have tools to skip the struggling phase.” —Etienne Wenger-Trayner, social learning theorist at Social Learning Lab, Sesimbra and author of Communities of Practice “This book speaks to me variously as a leader, civil engineer, academic, researcher, educator, sportswoman, volunteer, fundraiser that we learn considerably more from our failures than our successes. Manu makes it truly productive and impactful, in stimulating deep learning and understanding, and in promoting critical thinking. It has universal appeal. It is life-changing. I wish I had known much more, and earlier, in my career!” —Professor Dame Sarah Springman, FREng, former rector, ETH Zurich, principal, St Hilda’s College, Oxford
Manu Kapur (Author)
9781394219995, Wiley
Hardback, published 23 September 2024
256 pages
23.1 x 15.8 x 2 cm, 0.431 kg
Design for and turn your failures into meaningful learning experiences Written by a leading global expert on human cognition, productive failure, and learning methods, Productive Failure shows you how to design the experience of failing. Research shows that repeated experiences of intriguing, constructive failure can help students (and our own children, and anyone else we lead) develop creativity and learn more deeply. When carefully curated, failure can become a signal for learning, not the noise detracting from it. The result? Learners gain a lifelong readiness to push themselves outside of their comfort zones, using setbacks as launchpads for learning and innovation. The evidence-based principles in this book are powerful, not only in formal schooling contexts, but also for anyone taking charge of and designing their own lifelong learning. From learning a new language or skill to setting up goals that push you past your limits, this book unpacks the science of Productive Failure and describes design principles—and specific strategies built upon them—that let you harness Productive Failure for your own benefit. This fascinating and actionable book is a must for educators, parents, managers, leaders, and anyone who needs to help others (or themselves) learn how to learn.
Foreword xiii Introduction: My Forays into Failure 1 Soccer Dreams 2 Struggling Through My Engineering Studies 3 Into the Classroom 5 Venturing into Academia 6 Finding the Cause and Its Solution 8 Connecting the Dots 10 Part I The Problem and Its Solution 13 Chapter 1 The Problems of Learning 17 Failing to Remember 19 Failing to Understand 22 Failing to Transfer 27 Chapter 2 The Solution: Productive Failure 35 Direct Instruction vs. Discovery Learning 37 Searching for a Problem 38 Designing for Failure 41 The Ideas of a Novice 43 Turning Direct Instruction on Its Head 47 Setting Up the Experiment 48 The Battle: Productive Failure vs. Direct Instruction 52 Part II The Science of Failure 59 Chapter 3 Activation 63 The Activation Spectrum 66 Failure-based Activation 69 Why Does Failed Generation Work? 77 Chapter 4 Awareness 91 From Socratic Dialogue to Tutoring 93 Intentionally Designing Impasses 94 When Intuition Failure Builds Awareness 97 Humbled By a Six Year Old 101 The Warmth Above the Clouds 104 In Awe of Awe 106 Chapter 5 Affect 109 The Zeigarnik Effect 110 The Need for Closure 113 Situational Interest and Curiosity 117 Mastery Orientation 127 Emotional Rollercoaster 131 Chapter 6 Assembly 139 Identify the Lego Blocks 141 Assemble the Lego Blocks 145 The Danger of Learning the Wrong Things Is. 159 Part III Designing for Productive Failure 165 Chapter 7 Designing for Others 167 Designing the Task 169 Designing the Participation 174 Designing the Social Surround 178 Iterate and Calibrate 181 Chapter 8 Designing for Self 185 Entering the Zone 185 Harnessing the Productive Failure Design Principles 187 Conclusion 205 References 211 Acknowledgments 221 About the Author 223 Index 225
Subject Areas: Psychology [JM]
