1. Dedication: George P. Rédei 1
Arabidopsis Geneticist and Polymath Csaba Koncz

2. Developing Papaya to Control Papaya Ringspot Virus by Transgenic Resistance, Intergeneric Hybridization, and Tolerance Breeding 35
Dennis Gonsalves, Ariadne Vegas, Vilai Prasartsee, Rod Drew, Jon Y. Suzuki, and Savarni Tripathi

I. Introduction 37

II. Papaya and Papaya Ringspot Virus 38

III. Development of Transgenic Papaya for Hawaii 40

IV. Development of Transgenic Papaya for Other Regions 55

V. Breeding Through Intergeneric Hybridizations 63

VI. Development of PRSV-Tolerant Papaya 67

VII. Future Aspects for Developing PRSV-Resistant Papaya 70

VIII. Summary Comments 73

Literature Cited 73

3. Rol Genes: Molecular Biology, Physiology, Morphology, Breeding Uses 79
Margareta Welander and Li-Hua Zhu

I. Introduction 80

II. The Hairy Root Disease 80

III. Ri T-DNA and Its Effect on Transgenic Plants 82

IV. Synergistic Effect of Rol Genes 84

V. Individual Effect of Rol Genes 85

VI. Discussion and Conclusions 95

Literature Cited 97

4. Terminology for Polyploids Based on Cytogenetic Behavior: Consequences in Genetics and Breeding 105
Domenico Carputo, Elsa L. Camadro, and Stanley J. Peloquin

I. Introduction 106

II. Role of 2n Gametes and Endosperm in the Origin of Polyploids 108

III. Terminology for Polyploids 111

IV. Bases of the New Terminology 114

V. Conclusions 121

Literature Cited 121

5. Breeding Barley for Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight and Mycotoxin Accumulation 125
Thin Meiw Choo

I. Introduction 126

II. Fusarium Species 127

III. Fusarium Toxins 129

IV. Losses in Yield and Quality 134

V. Sources of Genetic Resistance 136

VI. Traits Associated with FHB Resistance 139

VII. Breeding Strategies 144

VIII. Mutation and In vitro Selection 154

IX. Genetic Transformation 155

X. Conclusions and Prospects 157

Literature Cited 158

6. Using Genomics to Exploit Grain Legume Biodiversity in Crop Improvement 171
Sangam L. Dwivedi, Matthew W. Blair, Hari D. Upadhyaya, Rachid Serraj, Jayashree Balaji, Hutokshi K. Buhariwalla, Rodomiro Ortiz, and Jonathan H. Crouch

I. Introduction 174

II. Available Genetic Resources of Key Legume Crops 191

III. Management and Utilization of Legume Genetic Resources 205

IV. Impact of Genetic Resources in Conventional Legume Breeding 218

V. Molecular-Enhanced Strategies for Manipulating Novel Genetic Variation for Legume Breeding 225

VI. Advanced Applications in Legume Molecular Breeding 270

VII. Conclusions and Future Prospects 306

Acknowledgments 309

Literature Cited 310

Subject Index 359

Cumulative Subject Index 361

Cumulative Contributor Index 379