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PERMA+4
Building Blocks for Human Flourishing
Stewart I. Donaldson (Author), Vicki Cabrera (Author)
9781394268160, Wiley
Paperback / softback, published 27 November 2025
208 pages
22.4 x 15 x 1.8 cm, 0.272 kg
Provides the tools and knowledge to develop and nurture the essential building blocks of a thriving life Understanding how to thrive, not just survive, has never been more critical in today's world. Grounded in over 25 years of peer-reviewed research, PERMA +4: Pathways to Well-Being and Positive Functioning provides a comprehensive guide to the essential building blocks of flourishing. Authors Stewart Donaldson and Victoria Cabrera share the latest evidence while providing actionable insights on how positive psychology interventions can help cultivate happiness and resilience. With clear explanations of nine scientifically validated building blocks, including emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment, PERMA +4 equips readers with tools to build their well-being while empowering others to do the same. The PERMA+4 framework extends foundational work by integrating new insights into areas such as physical health, mindset, and economic security. Each easy-to-read chapter is packed with practical activities, step-by-step guidance, informational charts and figures, full-color images, "Key Takeaways, " and reflection questions. Offering practical strategies for anyone eager to lead a more fulfilling life, PERMA +4: Ideal for health practitioners, educators, workplace leaders, and well-being coaches, PERMA +4: Building Blocks for Human Flourishing is essential reading for undergraduate, graduate, and professional audiences. It is perfect for courses in positive psychology, public health, leadership, and organizational development, or as a reference for practitioners aiming to enhance well-being in diverse settings.
About the Authors xiii Preface xv Acknowledgements xix 1 A Fresh Look at the Science of Well- Being and Positive Functioning 1 A Fresh New Look at Feeling and Doing Well in Life 1 PERMA+4 Building Blocks of Well-Being and Optimal Functioning 2 Human Flourishing 4 Human Suffering 6 Human Struggling 7 Human Languishing 8 Human Thriving 9 Measuring Human Flourishing 10 Why Is Well-Being Important? 12 How to Use This Book 14 Conclusion 14 References 15 2 Positive Emotions 17 What Are Positive Emotions? 18 Circumplex Model of Emotions 19 Why Positive Emotions Are a Building Block of Well-Being 22 The Broaden and Build Theory of Positive Emotions 23 How to Leverage the Power of Positive Emotions to Improve Well-Being 24 Apply What You Learned About Positive Emotions 26 Learn More About Positive Emotions 26 Key Takeaways 26 References 27 3 Engagement and Flow 31 What Are Engagement and Flow? 33 The Difference Between Engagement and Flow 34 Why Is Flow a Building Block of Well-Being? 35 How to Create More Experiences of Engagement and Flow to Care for Your Well-Being 36 How to Create the Conditions of Flow for Others 38 Apply What You Learned About Engagement and Flow 38 Learn More About Engagement and Flow 39 Key Takeaways 39 References 39 4 Positive Relationships 41 What Are Positive Relationships? 42 What About at School or Work? 42 Why are Positive Relationships a Building Block of Well-Being 43 How to Build and Nurture More Positive Relationships 44 Apply What You Learned About Positive Relationships 45 Learn More About Positive Relationships 45 Key Takeaways 46 References 46 5 Meaning and Purpose 49 What Is Meaning and Purpose? 50 What Exactly Is Meaning? 50 Why Does Meaning and Purpose Matter? 51 Why Is Meaning and Purpose a Building Block of Human Flourishing? 51 How to Develop Meaning and Purpose 52 Apply What You Learned About Meaning and Purpose 53 Learn More About Meaning and Purpose 54 Key Takeaways 54 References 55 6 Achievement 57 What Is Achievement? 58 Why Is Achievement a Building Block of Human Flourishing? 59 Achievement in the Workplace 60 How to Nurture Achievement 61 Apply What You Learned About Achievement 61 Learn More About Achievement 62 Key Takeaways 62 References 63 7 Physical Health 65 What Is Physical Health? 66 Why Is Physical Health Important for Well-Being? 67 How to Improve and Maintain Physical Health 68 Take It One Step at a Time 69 Apply What You Learned About Physical Health 70 Learn More About Physical Health 70 Key Takeaways 70 References 71 8 Positive Mindset 73 A Real-World Journey of Growth 73 What Is a Positive Mindset? 74 Why Is a Positive Mindset Important for Well-Being? 76 How to Develop and Maintain a Positive Mindset 77 The Psychological Capital Intervention (PCI) Model 79 Apply What You Learned About Mindset 81 Learn More About Mindset 81 Key Takeaways 81 References 82 9 Environment 85 What Is the Environment Building Block? 87 Why Your Environment Is a Building Block of Human Flourishing 87 How to Improve Your Environment to Support Your Well-Being 88 Apply What You Learned About Your Environment 90 Learn More About Environment 90 Key Takeaways 90 References 91 10 Economic Security 93 What Is Economic Security? 94 Why Economic Security Is Crucial for Well-Being 95 The Research on Economic Security and Life Satisfaction 96 How to Improve Economic Security 96 Apply What You Learned About Economic Security 98 Learn More About Economic Security 98 Key Takeaways 98 References 99 11 PERMA+4 Science: Why It Is Important to Monitor & Assess Well- Being 101 Science: A Simple Guide 102 The Science of Positive Psychology and PERMA+4 103 Validated Research Measures 106 The PERMA+4 Scale 106 The PERMA+4 Short Scale 108 The Satisfaction with Life Scale 108 The Flourishing Scale 109 The Global Flourishing Index 109 Practical Tools for Developing and Monitoring Your PERMA+ 4 and Well-Being 110 How to Score the Cantril’s Ladder 113 How to Interpret Your Cantril’s Ladder Scores 113 Conclusion 114 Key Takeaways 115 References 116 12 Activities to Develop PERMA + 4 119 How to Use This Chapter 120 How This Chapter Is Organized 120 Positive Emotions 120 Personal Activities 120 Activities for Others 121 Engagement and Flow 122 Personal Activities 122 Activities for Others 123 Positive Relationships 123 Personal Activities 123 Activities for Others 124 Meaning and Purpose 125 Personal Activities 125 Activities for Others 125 Achievement 126 Personal Activities 126 Activities for Others 127 Physical Health 127 Personal Activities 127 Activities for Others 128 Mindset 129 Personal Activities 129 Activities for Others 130 Environment 130 Personal Activities 130 Activities for Others 131 Economic Security 132 Personal Activities 132 Activities for Others 133 Activities That Develop Multiple PERMA + 4 Building Blocks 133 Personal Activities 133 Activities for Others 134 Resources for More Activities to Strengthen PERMA + 4 Building Blocks 135 Key Takeaways 135 PERMA+4 Activities Resources 135 Books 135 Journal Articles 136 References 139 13 More PERMA+4 Resources 143 The PERMA Framework 144 Journal Articles 144 Books 145 Measures 145 Digital Resources: Websites, Articles, Video, and Audio Materials 145 The PERMA+4 Framework 146 Journal Articles 146 Books 147 Measures 148 PERMA+4 Short Scale 148 Positive Functioning at Work Scale—Spanish Version 148 Positive Functioning at Work Scale – German Version (PFW-DE) 148 Digital Resources: Websites, Articles, Video and Audio Materials 148 Positive Emotions 149 Journal Articles 149 Books 150 Measures 151 Digital Resources: Websites, Articles, Video and Audio Materials 152 Engagement and Flow 153 Journal Articles 153 Books and Book Chapters 154 Chapters 154 Measures 155 Digital Resources: Websites, Articles, Video and Audio Materials 156 Positive Relationships 157 Journal Articles 158 Books and Book Chapters 158 Books 159 Measures 159 Digital Resources: Websites, Video & Audio Materials 160 Meaning and Purpose 161 Journal Articles 161 Books 162 Measures 163 Digital Resources: Websites, Video & Audio Materials 163 Achievement 164 Journal Articles 164 Books 165 Measures 166 Digital Resources: Videos, Podcasts, and Websites 166 Physical Health 167 Journal Articles 167 Books 168 Measures 168 Digital Resources: Videos, Podcasts, and Websites 169 Mindset 170 Journal Articles 170 Books 171 Measures 172 Digital Resources: Websites, Articles, Video and Audio Materials 172 Environment 173 Journal Articles 173 Books 174 Measures 174 Digital Resources: Videos, Podcasts, and Websites 175 Economic Security 175 Journal Articles 175 Books 176 Measures 176 Digital Resources: Videos, Podcasts, and Websites 177 Key Takeaways 177 References 178 Index 179
Subject Areas: Psychology [JM]
