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Optical and Wireless Convergence for 5G Networks
Abdelgader M. Abdalla (Edited by), Jonathan Rodriguez (Edited by), Issa Elfergani (Edited by), Antonio Teixeira (Edited by)
9781119491583, Wiley
Hardback, published 11 October 2019
352 pages
24.4 x 17.3 x 2.3 cm, 0.68 kg
The mobile market has experienced unprecedented growth over the last few decades. Consumer trends have shifted towards mobile internet services supported by 3G and 4G networks worldwide. Inherent to existing networks are problems such as lack of spectrum, high energy consumption, and inter-cell interference. These limitations have led to the emergence of 5G technology. It is clear that any 5G system will integrate optical communications, which is already a mainstay of wide area networks. Using an optical core to route 5G data raises significant questions of how wireless and optical can coexist in synergy to provide smooth, end-to-end communication pathways. Optical and Wireless Convergence for 5G Networks explores new emerging technologies, concepts, and approaches for seamlessly integrating optical-wireless for 5G and beyond. Considering both fronthaul and backhaul perspectives, this timely book provides insights on managing an ecosystem of mixed and multiple access network communications focused on optical-wireless convergence. Topics include Fiber–Wireless (FiWi), Hybrid Fiber-Wireless (HFW), Visible Light Communication (VLC), 5G optical sensing technologies, approaches to real-time IoT applications, Tactile Internet, Fog Computing (FC), Network Functions Virtualization (NFV), Software-Defined Networking (SDN), and many others. This book aims to provide an inclusive survey of 5G optical-wireless requirements, architecture developments, and technological solutions.
About the Editors xiii List of Contributors xvii Preface xxxi Acknowledgments xxxiii Introduction xxxv 1 Towards a Converged Optical-Wireless Fronthaul/Backhaul Solution for 5G Networks and Beyond 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Cellular Network Interface and Solution 2 1.3 5G Enabling Technologies 4 1.4 Fiber-Wireless Network Convergence 9 1.5 Radio-Over-Fiber Transmission Scheme 10 1.6 Optical MBH/MFH Transport Network Multiplexing Schemes 11 1.7 Wireless based MFH/MBH 16 1.8 Experimental Channel Measurement and Characterization 21 1.9 Results and Discussions 23 1.10 Conclusion 24 Acknowledgments 24 Bibliography 25 2 Hybrid Fiber Wireless (HFW) Extension for GPON Toward 5G 31 2.1 Introduction 31 2.2 Passive Optical Network 32 2.3 Transparent Wireless Extension of Optical Links 33 2.4 Key Enabling Photonic and Electronic Technologies 36 2.5 Field Trial for a 2.5 Gbit s−1 GPON over Wireless 46 2.6 Conclusions 53 Bibliography 54 3 Software Defined Networking and Network Function Virtualization for Converged Access-Metro Networks 57 3.1 Introduction 57 3.2 The 5G Requirements Driving Network Convergence and Virtualization 58 3.3 Access and Metro Convergence 61 3.4 Functional Convergence and Virtualization of the COs 66 3.5 Conclusions 73 Bibliography 74 4 Multicore Fibres for 5G Fronthaul Evolution 79 4.1 Why 5G Communications Demand Optical Space-Division Multiplexing 79 4.2 Multicore Fibre Transmission Review 81 4.3 Radio Access Networks Using Multicore Fibre Links 84 4.4 Microwave Signal Processing Enabled by Multicore Fibers 90 4.5 Final Remarks 97 Bibliography 97 5 Enabling VLC and WiFi Network Technologies and Architectures Toward 5G 101 5.1 Introduction 101 5.2 Optical Wireless Systems 103 5.3 Visible Light Communication (VLC) System Fundamentals 105 5.4 VLC Current and Anticipated Future Applications 107 5.5 Hybrid VLC and RF Networks 116 5.6 Challenges and Open-Ended Issues 117 5.7 Conclusions 118 Acknowledgments 118 Bibliography 118 6 5G RAN: Key Radio Technologies and Hardware Implementation Challenges 123 6.1 Introduction 123 6.2 5G NR Enabled Use Cases 124 6.3 5G RAN Radio Enabling Technologies 126 6.4 Hardware Impairments 131 6.5 Technology and Fabrication Challenges 135 6.6 Conclusion 135 Bibliography 136 7 Millimeter Wave Antenna Design for 5G Applications 139 7.1 Introduction 139 7.2 Antenna Design and Procedure 142 7.3 Antenna Optimization and Analysis 143 7.4 Millimeter Wave Antenna Design with Notched Frequency Band 146 7.5 Millimeter Wave Antenna Design with Loaded Capacitor 148 7.6 Conclusion 152 Acknowledgments 153 Bibliography 153 8 Wireless Signal Encapsulation in a Seamless Fiber–Millimeter Wave System 157 Pham Tien Dat, Atsushi Kanno, Naokatsu Yamamoto, and Testuya Kawanishi 8.1 Introduction 157 8.2 Principle of Signal Encapsulation 158 8.3 Examples of Signal Encapsulation 162 8.4 Conclusion 174 Bibliography 175 9 5G Optical Sensing Technologies 179 9.1 Introduction 179 9.2 Optical Fibre Communication Network: Intrusion Methods 182 9.3 Physical Protection of Optical Fiber Communication Cables 183 9.4 Design Considerations and Performance Characteristics 189 9.5 Conclusions 192 Bibliography 192 10 The Tactile Internet over 5G FiWi Architectures 197 10.1 Introduction 197 10.2 The TI: State of the Art and Open Challenges 203 10.3 Related Work 206 10.4 HITL Centric Teleoperation over AI Enhanced FiWi Networks 207 10.5 HART Centric Task Allocation over Multi-Robot FiWi Based TI Infrastructures 213 10.6 Conclusions 219 Bibliography 220 11 Energy Efficiency in the Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) for 5G Mobile Networks: Opportunities and Challenges 225 11.1 Introduction 225 11.2 Standardized Energy Efficiency Metric (Green Metric) 229 11.3 Green Design for Energy Crunch Prevention in 5G Networks 232 11.4 Fiber Based Energy Efficient Network 237 11.5 System and Power Consumption Model 238 11.6 Simulation Results and Discussions 243 11.7 Conclusion 245 Acknowledgments 245 Bibliography 245 12 Fog Computing Enhanced Fiber-Wireless Access Networks in the 5G Era 249 12.1 Background and Motivation 249 12.2 Fog Computing Enhanced FiWi Networks 257 12.3 Analysis 259 12.4 Implementation and Validation 263 12.5 Conclusions and Outlook 267 12.5.1 Conclusions 267 12.5.2 Outlook 267 Bibliography 268 13 Techno-economic and Business Feasibility Analysis of 5G Transport Networks 273 13.1 Introduction 273 13.2 Mobile Backhaul Technologies 275 13.3 Techno-economic Framework 278 13.4 Case Study 284 13.5 Conclusion 292 Bibliography 293 Index 297
Isiaka Ajewale Alimi, Nelson Jesus Muga, Abdelgader M. Abdalla, Cátia Pinho, Jonathan Rodriguez, Paulo Pereira Monteiro, and Antonio Luís Teixeira
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Subject Areas: Electronics & communications engineering [TJ]
