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Novel Ecosystems
Intervening in the New Ecological World Order
Richard J. Hobbs (Author), Eric S. Higgs (Author), Carol Hall (Author)
9781118354223, Wiley
Hardback, published 22 February 2013
384 pages
24.9 x 19.3 x 2.3 cm, 0.975 kg
“The convergence of popular and technical literature reinforces the impression that a paradigm shift in conservation/restoration is underway. Novel Ecosystems provides an entry to this novel world view.” (Ecological Management & Restoration, 17 September 2014) “Overall, this is a timely book that thoroughly addresses a critical issue in the management of ecosystems in a dynamically changing world. Its strength lies in its treatment of decision making processes and its real?]world illustrations through case studies.” (Frontiers of Biogeography, 1 November 2013) “In conclusion, I recommend this book to all researchers and practitioners working on man-made ecosystems.” (Basic and Applied Ecology, 1 October 2013) “If this dialogue takes place, with the inclusion of ‘‘classic,’’ ‘‘traditional,’’ and ‘‘orthodox’’ restoration ecology, at least with regards historical knowledge (a paradigm change rather than a paradigm shift), as well as the issues concerning novel ecosystems, then this provocative book will remain an interesting and stimulating standard work for a long time.” (Restoration Ecology, 1 July 2013) “Summing Up: Recommended. All academic and professional audiences.” (Choice, 1 October 2013)
“Although the authors’ new terminology does not seem a step forward, Novel Ecosystemsprovides relevant and stimulating ideas for discussion and integration into conservation and restoration methods, strategies, and goals.” (Science, 2 August 2013)
Land conversion, climate change and species invasions are contributing to the widespread emergence of novel ecosystems, which demand a shift in how we think about traditional approaches to conservation, restoration and environmental management. They are novel because they exist without historical precedents and are self-sustaining. Traditional approaches emphasizing native species and historical continuity are challenged by novel ecosystems that deliver critical ecosystems services or are simply immune to practical restorative efforts. Some fear that, by raising the issue of novel ecosystems, we are simply paving the way for a more laissez-faire attitude to conservation and restoration. Regardless of the range of views and perceptions about novel ecosystems, their existence is becoming ever more obvious and prevalent in today’s rapidly changing world. In this first comprehensive volume to look at the ecological, social, cultural, ethical and policy dimensions of novel ecosystems, the authors argue these altered systems are overdue for careful analysis and that we need to figure out how to intervene in them responsibly. This book brings together researchers from a range of disciplines together with practitioners and policy makers to explore the questions surrounding novel ecosystems. It includes chapters on key concepts and methodologies for deciding when and how to intervene in systems, as well as a rich collection of case studies and perspective pieces. It will be a valuable resource for researchers, managers and policy makers interested in the question of how humanity manages and restores ecosystems in a rapidly changing world.
A companion website with additional resources is available at www.wiley.com/go/hobbs/ecosystems
Contributors, ix Acknowledgements, xi PART I INTRODUCTION, 1 1 Introduction: Why novel ecosystems?, 3 PART II WHAT ARE NOVEL ECOSYSTEMS?, 9 2 Case Study: Hole-in-the-donut, everglades, 11 3 Towards a conceptual framework for novel ecosystems, 16 4 Islands: Where novelty is the norm, 29 5 Origins of the novel ecosystems concept, 45 6 Defining novel ecosystems, 58 PART III WHAT WE KNOW (AND DON’T KNOW) ABOUT NOVEL ECOSYSTEMS, 61 7 Perspective: Ecological novelty is not new, 63 8 The extent of novel ecosystems: Long in time and broad in space, 66 9 Case study: Geographic distribution and level of novelty of Puerto Rican Forests, 81 10 Novel ecosystems and climate change, 88 11 Plant invasions as builders and shapers of novel ecosystems, 102 12 Infectious disease and novel ecosystems, 114 Infectious disease and the novel Caribbean coral reef, 118 13 Case study: Do feedbacks from the soil biota secure novelty in ecosystems?, 124 14 Fauna and novel ecosystems, 127 15 Case study: Ecosystem transformations along the Colorado Front Range: Prairie dog interactions with multiple components of global environmental change, 142 16 Perspective: Plus ça change, plus c’est la meme chose, 150 PART IV WHEN AND HOW TO INTERVENE, 153 17 Perspective: From rivets to rivers, 155 18 Incorporating novel ecosystems into management frameworks, 157 19 The management framework in practice – making decisions in AtlanticCanadian Meadows: Chasing the elusive reference state, 172 20 The management framework in practice – prairie dogs at the urban interface: Conservation solutions when ecosystem change drivers are beyond the scope of management actions, 176 21 The management framework in practice – how social barriers contribute to novel ecosystem maintenance: Managing reindeer populations on St George Island, Pribilof Islands, Alaska, 180 22 The management framework in practice – can’t see the wood for the trees: The changing management of the novel Miconia–Cinchona ecosystem in the humid highlands of Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos, 185 23 The management framework in practice – designer wetlands as novel ecosystems, 189 24 Characterizing novel ecosystems: Challenges for measurement, 192 25 Case study: Novelty measurement in pampean grasslands, 205 26 Plant materials for novel ecosystems, 212 27 Case study: Management of novel ecosystems in the Seychelles, 228 28 Perspective: Moving to the dark side, 239 PART V HOW DO WE APPRECIATE NOVEL ECOSYSTEMS?, 243 29 Perspective: Coming of age in a trash forest, 245 30 Engaging the public in novel ecosystems, 247 31 Valuing novel ecosystems, 257 32 Case study: A rocky novel ecosystem: Industrial origins to conservation concern, 269 33 The policy context: Building laws and rules that embrace novelty, 272 34 Perspective: Lake Burley Griffin, 284 35 Case study: Shale bings in central Scotland: From ugly blots on the landscape to cultural and biological heritage, 286 PART VI WHAT’S NEXT?, 291 36 Perspective: A tale of two natures, 293 37 Concerns about novel ecosystems, 296 38 Novel urban ecosystems and ecosystem services, 310 39 Ecosystem stewardship as a framework for conservation in a directionally changing world, 326 40 Case study: Novel socio-ecological systems in the North: Potential pathways toward ecological and societal resilience, 334 41 Perspective: Is Everything a novel ecosystem? If so, do we need the concept?, 345 PART VII SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSIONS, 351 42 What do we know about, and what do we do about, novel ecosystems?, 353 Index, 361
RICHARD J. HOBBS, ERIC S. HIGGS AND CAROL M. HALL
JOHN J. EWEL
LAUREN M. HALLETT, RACHEL J. STANDISH, KRISTIN B. HULVEY, MARK R. GARDENER, KATHARINE N. SUDING, BRIAN M. STARZOMSKI, STEPHEN D. MURPHY AND JAMES A. HARRIS
JOHN J. EWEL, JOSEPH MASCARO, CHRISTOPH KUEFFER, ARIEL E. LUGO, LORI LACH AND MARK R. GARDENER
JOSEPH MASCARO, JAMES A. HARRIS, LORI LACH, ALLEN THOMPSON, MICHAEL P. PERRING, DAVID M. RICHARDSON AND ERLE C. ELLIS
RICHARD J. HOBBS, ERIC S. HIGGS AND CAROL M. HALL
STEPHEN T. JACKSON
MICHAEL P. PERRING AND ERLE C. ELLIS
SEBASTIÁN MARTINUZZI, ARIEL E. LUGO, THOMAS J. BRANDEIS AND EILEEN H. HELMER
BRIAN M. STARZOMSKI
DAVID M. RICHARDSON AND MIRIJAM GAERTNER
LAITH YAKOB
LAITH YAKOB AND PETER J. MUMBY
JAMES A. HARRIS
PATRICIA L. KENNEDY, LORI LACH, ARIEL E. LUGO AND RICHARD J. HOBBS
TIMOTHY R. SEASTEDT, LAUREL M. HARTLEY AND JESSE B. NIPPERT
STEPHEN D. MURPHY
JOSEPH MASCARO
KRISTIN B. HULVEY, RACHEL J. STANDISH, LAUREN M. HALLETT, BRIAN M. STARZOMSKI, STEPHEN D. MURPHY, CARA R. NELSON, MARK R. GARDENER, PATRICIA L. KENNEDY, TIMOTHY R. SEASTEDT AND KATHARINE N. SUDING
STEPHEN D. MURPHY
TIMOTHY R. SEASTEDT
KRISTIN B. HULVEY
MARK R. GARDENER
STEPHEN D. MURPHY
JAMES A. HARRIS, STEPHEN D. MURPHY, CARA R. NELSON, MICHAEL P. PERRING AND PEDRO M. TOGNETTI
PEDRO M. TOGNETTI
THOMAS A. JONES
CHRISTOPH KUEFFER, KATY BEAVER AND JAMES MOUGAL
PATRICIA L. KENNEDY
EMMA MARRIS
LAURIE YUNG, STEVE SCHWARZE, WYLIE CARR, F. STUART CHAPIN III AND EMMA MARRIS
ANDREW LIGHT, ALLEN THOMPSON AND ERIC S. HIGGS
MICHAEL P. PERRING
PETER BRIDGEWATER AND LAURIE YUNG
PETER BRIDGEWATER
BARBRA A. HARVIE AND RICHARD J. HOBBS
ERIC S. HIGGS
RACHEL J. STANDISH, ALLEN THOMPSON, ERIC S. HIGGS AND STEPHEN D. MURPHY
MICHAEL P. PERRING, PETE MANNING, RICHARD J. HOBBS, ARIEL E. LUGO, CRISTINA E. RAMALHO AND
RACHEL J. STANDISH
TIMOTHY R. SEASTEDT, KATHARINE N. SUDING AND F. STUART CHAPIN III
F. STUART CHAPIN III, MARTIN D. ROBARDS, JILL F. JOHNSTONE, TREVOR C. LANTZ AND STEVEN V. KOKELJ
EMMA MARRIS, JOSEPH MASCARO AND ERLE C. ELLIS
RICHARD J. HOBBS, ERIC S. HIGGS AND CAROL M. HALL
Subject Areas: Earth sciences [RB]
