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Norms in International Relations
The Struggle Against Apartheid
Audie Klotz (Author)
9780801486036
Paperback / softback, published 11 January 1999
200 pages
23.5 x 15.5 x 1.3 cm, 0.454 kg
Klotz offers a persuasive argument that in the South African case the moral principle of racial equality influenced policy on a different, often conflicting, level from economic and strategic factors. The book fills in important gaps in both regime theory and constructivism. By highlighting a case involving less powerful actors and regions, this book skillfully demonstrates the limitations of the dominant paradigm. Klotz's book is a valuable addition to the literature on sanctions. Audie Klotz's sophisticated analysis of the social-constructivist determinism behind selected individual state and regional policy makers towards the South African apartheid regime comprises, (indeed complements) one of a plethora of books which have emerged from the post-apartheid era.
Applying a social-constructivist approach to her richly detailed case history, Audie Jeanne Klotz demonstrates that normative standards such as racial equality can serve as much more than a weak constraint on fundamental strategic concerns. Norms can play a crucial role in the formation of global policy. After forty years of protest against apartheid, the world celebrated Nelson Mandela's inauguration as South Africa's first democratically elected president. Klotz considers why racial discrimination in South Africa became a global concern and why—in a remarkable change of practice—nations and international organizations adopted sanctions against the Pretoria regime. By explaining how the world community actively came to condemn apartheid, Norms in International Relations contributes to broader debates on the role of norms in global politics. Klotz rehearses a fascinating history, combining the power politics of economic sanctions and the normative politics of racial equality. She reenacts the events that resulted in the United Nations decision to oppose apartheid. The author also analyzes anti-apartheid activism in the British Commonwealth and in the Organization of African Unity, and she documents changing attitudes toward South African racial separateness in the United States, Britain, and Zimbabwe.
1. The International Politics of Apartheid
2. Norms in International Relations Theory
3. The United Nations
4. The Commonwealth
5. The Organization of African Unity
6. The United States
7. Britain
8. Zimbabwe
9. Sanctions and Socialization
10. International Relations after Apartheid