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Non-Crimp Fabric Composites
Manufacturing, Properties and Applications
Stepan V Lomov (Edited by)
9780081017050, Elsevier Science
Paperback / softback, published 19 August 2016
544 pages
23.3 x 15.6 x 3.4 cm, 0.77 kg
Non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites are reinforced with mats of straight (non-crimped) fibres, giving them such advantages as strength, ease of handling and low manufacturing costs. Non-crimp fabric composites provides a comprehensive review of the use of NCF composites, their manufacture and applications in engineering.
Part one covers the manufacture of non-crimp fabrics, including also topics such as structural stitching and automated defect analysis. Part two goes on to discuss the manufacture of non-crimp fabric composites, with chapters covering such topics as deformability and permeability of NCF. Part three focuses on the properties of NCF composites, with chapters on stiffness and strength, damage progression and fatigue. Finally, part four covers the applications of NCF composites, including chapters on the aerospace and automotive industries as well as wind turbines and helicopter applications. The book concludes with a discussion of cost analysis of NCF composites in engineering applications.
With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Non-crimp fabric composites is an essential reference for composite manufacturers and structural and mechanical engineers in industries using NCF composites, as well as academics with a research interest in the field.
Contributor contact details Introduction Part I: Manufacturing of non-crimp fabrics Chapter 1: Production of non-crimp fabrics for composites Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Warp-knitted non-crimp fabric (NCF) 1.3 Weft-knitted NCF 1.4 Non-crimp woven fabrics 1.5 3D woven and non-interlaced NCF 1.6 Fixation by adhesion 1.7 Comparison of production technologies 1.8 Future trends 1.9 Acknowledgments Chapter 2: Standardisation of production technologies for non-crimp fabric composites Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Classification and standardisation of non-crimp fabric (NCF) production methods 2.3 Outstanding patents of existing machines for the production of NCFs 2.4 The ‘Hexcel patent’ – EP 0972102 B1 2.5 Product patents in the production of NCFs 2.6 Immobilisation of adhesive on the surface of semi-finished textile products (DE 102008004112 A1) Chapter 3: Structural stitching of non-crimp fabric preforms for composites Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Threads for structural stitching technology 3.3 Stitching technology and sewing machines 3.4 Quality aspects for structural stitching 3.5 Applications and future trends Chapter 4: Understanding and modelling the effect of stitching on the geometry of non-crimp fabrics Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 General parameters of the fibrous plies 4.3 Geometry of the stitching 4.4 Distortions of fibres in the plies 4.5 Change of the geometry after shear 4.6 A geometrical model of NCF 4.7 Conclusion Chapter 5: Automated analysis of defects in non-crimp fabrics for composites Abstract: 5.1 Motivation 5.2 Quality characteristics of non-crimp fabric (NCF) 5.3 Quality analysis of NCF by digital image analysis 5.4 Future trends Part II: Manufacturing of non-crimp fabric composites Chapter 6: Deformability of textile performs in the manufacture of non-crimp fabric composites Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Shear 6.3 Biaxial tension 6.4 Compression 6.5 Bending 6.6 Conclusion Chapter 7: Modelling the deformability of biaxial non-crimp fabric composites Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Behaviour of fabric architecture on the shear and draping behaviour of non-crimp fabrics (NCFs) 7.3 Modelling strategies for NCF forming 7.4 Energy-based kinematic mapping 7.5 Finite element modelling of forming for NCFs 7.6 Future trends 7.7 Further information and advice Chapter 8: Permeability of non-crimp fabric preforms Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Experimental permeability results 8.3 Geometric effects 8.4 Deformation and permeability 8.5 Conclusions 8.6 Acknowledgements 8.8 Appendix: nomenclature Chapter 9: Understanding variability in the permeability of non-crimp fabric composite reinforcements Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Material characterisation 9.3 Permeability measurement 9.4 Modelling and simulation 9.5 Future trends Chapter 10: Modelling of the permeability of non-crimp fabrics for composites Abstract: 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Numerical simulation 10.3 Experimental validation 10.4 Parametric study 10.5 Influence of shear 10.6 Conclusion 10.7 Acknowledgements Part III: Properties of non-crimp fabric composites Chapter 11: Mechanical properties of non-crimp fabric (NCF) based composites: stiffness and strength Abstract: 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Materials and composite production 11.3 Test procedures 11.4 Mechanical properties of non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites 11.5 Mechanical properties of composites based on sheared MMCF 11.6 Damage development in B2 (0°/90°) laminates 11.8 Damage initiation in non-sheared and sheared materials 11.9 Conclusions Chapter 12: Damage progression in non-crimp fabric composites Abstract: 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Damage progression in non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites due to in-plane loading 12.3 Damage progression in impacted NCF composites 12.4 Conclusions Chapter 13: Fatigue in non-crimp fabric composites Abstract: 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Fatigue in non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites 13.3 Post-fatigue residual properties 13.4 Conclusions and open questions 13.6 Appendix Chapter 14: Mechanical properties of structurally stitched non-crimp fabric composites Abstract: 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Materials and stitching configurations 14.3 Characterisation of structurally stitched NCF laminates 14.4 Simulation of mechanical behaviour of structurally stitched laminates 14.5 Conclusions and future trends Chapter 15: Predicting the effect of stitching on the mechanical properties and damage of non-crimp fabric composites: finite element analysis Abstract: 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Representative volume element (RVE) of noncrimp fabric (NCF) composites 15.3 Elastic analysis 15.4 Damage accumulation in NCF composites 15.5 Conclusions Chapter 16: Modelling drape, stress and impact behaviour of non-crimp fabric composites Abstract: 16.1 Finite element (FE) methods for drape, stress and impact analysis 16.2 Laminate analysis and FE stiffness for non-crimp fabric (NCF) 16.3 FE methods for infusion analysis 16.4 Draping and FE simulation 16.5 Infusion simulation 16.6 Stiffness and failure 16.7 Impact and failure Chapter 17: Modelling stiffness and strength of non-crimp fabric composites: semi-laminar analysis Abstract: 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Stiffness models 17.3 Strength models for non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites 17.4 Conclusions Part IV: Applications of non-crimp fabric composites Chapter 18: Aerospace applications of non-crimp fabric composites Abstract: 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Aeronautic requirements 18.3 Application examples 18.4 Future trends Chapter 19: Non-crimp fabric: preforming analysis for helicopter applications Abstract: 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Preform techniques for non-crimp fabrics (NCFs) 19.3 Main NCF deformation mechanism observed during preforming 19.4 Preforming defect analysis 19.5 Conclusion and future trends Chapter 20: Automotive applications of non-crimp fabric composites Abstract: 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Applications of non-crimp fabrics (NCF) in the automotive industry 20.3 Research and development for the use of NCF in automotive applications 20.4 Future trends 20.5 Conclusion Chapter 21: Non-crimp fabric composites in wind turbines Abstract: 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Development of non-crimp fabric (NCF) composites in wind energy 21.3 NCF materials used in nacelle construction 21.4 Future trends Chapter 22: Cost analysis in using non-crimp fabric composites in engineering applications Abstract: 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Costing methodologies: current approaches 22.3 Technical cost modelling 22.4 Case study: 40 m wind turbine blade shell 22.5 Acknowledgements Index
Subject Areas: Materials science [TGM], Textile & fibre technology [TDH]
