Freshly Printed - allow 7 days lead
Couldn't load pickup availability
Multiphase Transport of Hydrocarbons in Pipes
Juan J. Manzano–Ruiz (Author), Jose G. Carballo (Author)
9781119888512, Wiley
Hardback, published 19 March 2024
352 pages
22.9 x 15.2 x 2.2 cm, 0.573 kg
Multiphase Transport of Hydrocarbons in Pipes An introduction to multiphase flows in the oil and gas industry The term ‘multiphase flow’ refers to the concurrent flow of oil and/or gas, alongside other substances or materials such as production water, chemical inhibitors, and solids (e.g. sand). This is a critical topic in the oil and gas industry, where the presence of multiple flow phases in pipelines affects deliverability, generates serious complications in predicting flow performance for system design and operation, and requires specific risk mitigation actions and continuous maintenance. Chemical and Mechanical Engineers interested in working in this industry will benefit from understanding the basic theories and practices required to model and operate multiphase flows through pipelines, wells, and other components of the production system. Multiphase Transport of Hydrocarbons in Pipes meets this need with a comprehensive overview of five decades of research into multiphase flow. Incorporating fundamental theories, historic and cutting-edge multiphase flow models, and concrete examples of current and future applications. This book provides a sound technical background for prospective or working engineers in need of understanding this crucial area of industry. Readers will also find: This book is ideal for flow assurance engineers, facilities engineers, oil and gas production engineers, and process engineers, as well as chemical and mechanical engineering students looking to work in any of these roles.
Preface xv About the Authors xvii Acknowledgments xix Nomenclature xxi About the Companion Website xxix 1 Introduction 1 1.1 What Is Multiphase Flow 1 1.2 Single- and Multicomponent Fluids 3 1.3 Challenges to Model Multiphase Flow 4 1.4 Hydrocarbon Flow 7 1.5 Modeling Approaches 8 References 9 2 Fundamentals of Multiphase Flow 11 2.1 Multiphase Flow in the Production of Oil and Gas 11 2.2 Multiphase Flow Concepts 15 2.3 Modeling Strategy 20 2.4 Two-Phase Flow Measurements 23 2.5 Future Measuring Trends 30 References 31 3 Hydrocarbon Fluid Properties and Thermodynamics 33 3.1 Phase Behavior 33 3.2 Physical Properties 39 3.3 Equation of State (EOS) 47 3.4 C7+ characterization 53 3.5 Thermal and Transport Properties 54 3.6 Types of Hydrocarbon Fluids 57 3.7 PVT Analyses 61 3.8 Strategy for Modeling Fluid Properties 65 3.9 Commercial Software 67 References 67 4 Multiphase Flow Patterns 69 4.1 Gas–Liquid Flow 69 4.2 Dispersed versus Separated Flow Regimes 70 4.3 Vertical and Inclined Flow Maps 71 4.4 Quasi-Horizontal Flow Maps 72 4.5 Liquid–Liquid Flow Map 77 4.6 Three-Phase Flow 78 4.7 Liquid–Solid Flow 79 4.8 Gas–Solid Flow 81 4.9 Conclusions 82 References 82 5 Two-Phase Flow in Pipelines 85 5.1 Introduction 85 5.2 Conservation Principles 85 5.3 Space-Averaged Equations 89 5.4 Time-Averaged Equations 91 5.5 Composite-Averaged Equations 92 5.6 Two-Fluid Model (TFM) 93 5.6.1 OLGA ® Software (SLB) 94 5.7 Constitutive Equations 96 5.8 One-Dimensional Modeling 97 5.9 Homogeneous Equilibrium Model (HEM) 98 5.10 Separated Flow Model 99 5.11 Kinematic Models 101 5.12 Mechanistic/Phenomenological Models 105 5.13 Empirical Models 107 5.14 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 111 References 112 6 Two-Phase Flow in Wells 117 6.1 Introduction 117 6.2 Reservoir Boundary Conditions 118 6.3 Nodal TM Analysis 120 6.4 Wells Cluster and Manifolds 121 6.5 Water and Gas Coning 124 6.6 Legacy Models 125 6.7 Mechanistic Models for Well Flow 141 6.8 Comparison of Flow Models 147 6.9 Severe Slugging Phenomenon 148 6.10 Gas Lift 151 References 151 7 Two-Phase Flow Through Restrictions and Piping Components 155 7.1 Introduction 155 7.2 Flow Through Restrictions 155 7.3 Critical Flow 156 7.4 Choke Valves 159 7.5 Sudden Pipe Enlargement 164 7.6 Sudden Pipe Contraction 165 7.7 Flow Orifice 166 7.8 Gate and Globe Valves 167 7.9 Elbows and Bends 168 7.10 Tee Junctions and Manifolds 168 References 171 8 Two-Phase Flow Thermal Modelling 173 8.1 Introduction 173 8.2 Normal and Transient Operation 174 8.3 Offshore and Onshore Pipelines 174 8.4 Heat Transfer Mechanisms 175 8.5 Internal Heat Transfer Coefficients 176 8.6 External Heat Transfer Coefficient 180 8.7 Thermal Insulation 181 8.8 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient (OHTC) 183 8.9 Buried Pipelines 187 8.10 Temperature Profile 189 8.11 Flowline Cooldown 193 8.12 Document Navigation Heat Transfer in the Wellbore 194 References 197 9 Advanced Simulations 199 9.1 Introduction 199 9.2 Nature of Transient Flow 200 9.3 Transient Flow Applications 202 9.4 Transient Modeling Challenges 204 9.5 Current Weaknesses of Simulating Two-Phase Flow in Pipelines 205 9.6 Future of Two-Phase Flow Simulations 207 9.7 Simulation Philosophies 214 References 214 10 Multiphase Flow Simulations 217 10.1 Introduction: Simulation Challenges 217 10.2 Multiphase Flow Simulation Considerations 220 10.3 Multiphase Flow Applications 225 10.4 Production Wells Simulation 225 10.5 Offshore Flowlines 236 10.6 Summary 270 References 271 11 Fluid–Solid Transport 273 11.1 Characteristics of Solid–Fluid Flow 274 11.2 Fundamental Equations 276 11.3 Simplified Horizontal Flow Models 277 11.4 Minimum Deposit Velocity 282 11.5 Sand Production 283 11.6 Sand Distribution 284 11.7 Pipe Erosion and Erosional Velocity 285 11.8 Application Examples 286 References 287 A Multiphase Flow Software Tools 289 A.1 Thermodynamics and Transport Properties Simulators 289 A.1 Pvtsim Nova® 290 A.1.2 Multiflash® 291 A.1.3 Aspen Hysys® 291 A.1.4 Refprop® 292 A.1.5 Pvtp® 293 A.1.6 Dwsim® 293 A.2 Steady-State Multiphase Simulators 294 A.2.1 Pipesim® 294 A.2.2 Gap® and Prosper® 295 A.2.3 Olga-S® (SLB) 296 A.2.4 Pipephase® 297 A.3 Transient Multiphase Simulators 297 A.3.1 Olga® 297 A.3.2 LedaFlow® 299 A.3.4 Gap Transient 300 Index 301
Subject Areas: Industry & industrial studies [KN]
