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Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion
Brenda J. Little (Author), Jason S. Lee (Author)
9780471772767, Wiley
Hardback, published 13 April 2007
304 pages
24 x 16.5 x 2 cm, 0.535 kg
"...strongly recommended for engineers and scientists that design components that might be exposed to MIC…would also make an excellent text…" (Journal of Metals Online, October 23, 2007)
A multi-disciplinary, multi-industry overview of microbiologically influenced corrosion, with strategies for diagnosis and control or prevention Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion helps engineers and scientists understand and combat the costly failures that occur due to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). This book combines recent findings from diverse disciplines into one comprehensive reference. Complete with case histories from a variety of environments, it covers: This is a valuable, all-inclusive reference for corrosion scientists, engineers, and researchers, as well as designers, managers, and operators.
Preface xi 1. Biofilm Formation 1 Introduction 1 Biologically Active Environments 1 Biofilm Formation 7 Influence of Conditioning Films 9 Influence of the Substratum 10 Influence of the Electrolyte 14 Summary 16 References 19 2. Causative Organisms and Possible Mechanisms 22 Introduction 22 Ennoblement 22 Concentration Cells 25 Oxygen Concentration Cells 25 Metal Concentration Cells 26 Reactions within Biofilms 26 Respiration/Photosynthesis 28 Sulfide Production 28 Iron 32 Copper 34 Silver 38 Other Metals 41 Acid Production 41 Ammonia Production 41 Metal Deposition 42 Manganese 42 Iron 45 Metal Reduction 47 Methane Production 48 Hydrogen Production 48 Dealloying 49 Inactivation of Corrosion Inhibitor 49 Alteration of Anion Ratios 49 Summary 50 References 50 3. Diagnosing Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion 56 Introduction 56 Identification of Causative Organisms 56 Culture Techniques 56 Biochemical Assays 58 Cell Activity 59 Genetic Techniques 60 Microscopy 61 Light Microscopy 61 Epifluorescence Microscopy 61 Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy 63 Atomic Force Microscopy 63 Electron Microscopy 63 Pit Morphology 66 Chemical Testing 70 Elemental Composition 71 Mineralogical Fingerprints 72 Isotope Fractionation 73 Summary 73 References 74 4. Electrochemical Techniques Applied to Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion 78 Introduction 78 Techniques Requiring no External Signal 78 Redox Potential 78 Open Circuit or Corrosion Potential, Ecorr 80 Electrochemical Noise Analysis (ENA) 81 Microsensors 81 Scanning Vibrating Electrode Techniques 82 Capacitance 83 Dual-Cell Technique 86 Techniques Requiring a Small External Signal 89 Polarization Resistance Technique 89 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 92 Large Signal Polarization 94 Concentric Ring Electrodes 96 Summary 97 References 98 5. Approaches for Monitoring Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion 102 Introduction 102 Coupon Holders 103 Zero Resistance Ammeter 104 Multitechnique Approaches 107 Electrochemical Noise Analysis 116 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 120 Summary 124 References 125 6. Impact of Alloying Elements to Susceptibility of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion 127 Introduction 127 Low Alloy Steel 138 Copper and Nickel Alloys 129 Stainless Steels 133 Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys 139 Titanium and Titanium Alloys 140 Antimicrobial Metals 141 Summary 143 References 144 7. Design Features that Determine Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion 147 Introduction 147 Hydrotest Procedures 147 Flow 148 Summary 149 References 149 8. Case Histories 150 Introduction 150 Generic Environments 150 Subterranean 150 External Pipeline Surfaces 150 Electric Cables 151 Atmospheric 154 Ship Holds 155 Aircraft 155 Wire Rope 159 Building Materials 159 Glass 162 Marine 162 Iron and Steel 162 Corrosion-resistant and Passive Alloys 173 Copper and Copper–Nickel Alloys 174 Titanium 177 Specific Environments 177 Water-Distribution and Storage Systems 177 Nuclear Waste Storage 186 Interim Wet Storage 186 Long-term Dry Storage 189 Environments with Hydrocarbons 192 Production 193 Transmission, Distribution, and Storage 194 Use 195 Ships 201 Power Generation 203 Paper Mill Industry 206 References 207 9. Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Nonmetallics 217 Introduction 217 Polymeric Materials 217 Biomedical Applications 218 Polymeric Coatings 219 Fiber-Reinforced Polymeric Composites 222 Concrete 227 Other Engineering Materials 232 Asphalt 232 Wood 232 Summary 233 References 233 10 Strategies to Prevent or Mitigate Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion 237 Introduction 237 Reduce Numbers and Types of Organisms 237 Biocides 237 Corrosion Inhibition by Biofilms 242 Apparent Contradictions among Researchers 251 The Stochastic Nature of Biofilms 251 Contamination and Natural Competition 251 The Influence of Nutrients on Electrochemical Measurements 252 The Influence of Nutrients on the Corrosion Mechanism 252 Alter Potential Electron Acceptors to Inhibit Specific Groups of Bacteria 253 Summary 257 References 257 Index 261
Subject Areas: Chemistry [PN]
