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Meter and Modernity in English Verse, 1350-1650
Eric Weiskott (Author)
9780812252644
Hardback, published 15 January 2021
352 pages
22.9 x 15.2 x 1.5 cm, 0.666 kg
This smart, inventive, and fastidiously researched book makes a case for a new relationship among meter, genre, and literary periodization in English poetry…Weiskott is a metricist and philologist of omnivorous learning…The new formalism exemplified by Weiskott requires far more thoughtfulness than the old New Criticism; it requires a far greater knowledge than the New Historicism..[S]cholarship at its most exact and provocative. (Studies in the Age of Chaucer) Meter and Modernity in English Verse...is an argument against the accepted periodization that would draw a firm line between the 'medieval' and the 'modern.' It is a pitch on behalf of an English genre that lasted from the mid-fifteenth to the mid seventeenth century, political prophecy in verse. And it is an account of the major metrical traditions in English from the mid-thirteenth to the twentieth century...[A]n endeavor that shines a light on verse practice and raises the stakes of metrical enquiry. Eric Weiskott has written a searching, ambitious book with significant implications for our thinking about literary-historical time. Besides its obvious relevance to scholars studying poetics across later Middle English and early modern English, Meter and Modernity should also engage a wider range of readers. It investigates how verse-craft in any time might relate to human experience, and to regional, national, and transnational cultural formation. The book also, though, explores how we organise literary research and teaching. It would be good, and also a fitting implementation of the thrust of Weiskott's arguments, if scholars who think of themselves as working on periods other than "the medieval" read this book...[The book] lays out a new landscape of value for early English literature.
What would English literary history look like if the unit of measure were not the political reign but the poetic tradition? The earliest poems in English were written in alliterative verse, the meter of Beowulf. Alliterative meter preceded tetrameter, which first appeared in the twelfth century, and tetrameter in turn preceded pentameter, the five-stress line that would become the dominant English verse form of modernity, though it was invented by Chaucer in the 1380s. While this chronology is accurate, Eric Weiskott argues, the traditional periodization of literature in modern scholarship distorts the meaning of meters as they appeared to early poets and readers.
In Meter and Modernity in English Verse, 1350-1650, Weiskott examines the uses and misuses of these three meters as markers of literary time, "medieval" or "modern," though all three were in concurrent use both before and after 1500. In each section of the book, he considers two of the traditions through the prism of a third element: alliterative meter and tetrameter in poems of political prophecy; alliterative meter and pentameter in William Langland's Piers Plowman and early blank verse; and tetrameter and pentameter in Chaucer, his predecessors, and his followers. Reversing the historical perspective in which scholars conventionally view these authors, Weiskott reveals Langland to be metrically precocious and Chaucer metrically nostalgic.
More than a history of prosody, Weiskott's book challenges the divide between medieval and modern literature. Rejecting the premise that modernity occurred as a specifiable event, he uses metrical history to renegotiate the trajectories of English literary history and advances a narrative of sociocultural change that runs parallel to metrical change, exploring the relationship between literary practice, social placement, and historical time.
List of Abbreviations
Note on Quotations and Scansion
Preface
Introduction. Modernity: The Problem of a History
Part I. Alliterative Meter, Tetrameter, Political Prophecy
Chapter 1. English Political Prophecy: Coordinates of Form and History
Chapter 2. The Age of Prophecy
Chapter 3. The Ireland Prophecy and the Future of Alliterative Verse
Chapter 4. Tetrameter: The Future of Alliterative Verse
Chapter 5. Where Have All the Pentameter Prophecies Gone?
Part II. Alliterative Meter, Pentameter, Langland
Chapter 6. Alliterative Meter and Blank Verse, 1540-1667
Chapter 7. The Rhymelessness of Piers Plowman
Chapter 8. Langland's Meter and Blank Verse, 1700-2000
Part III. Tetrameter, Pentameter, Chaucer
Chapter 9. Chaucer and the Problem of Modernity
Chapter 10. Chaucer's English Metrical Phonology: Tetrameter to Pentameter
Chapter 11. The Age of Pentameter
Conclusion. From Archive to Canon
Appendix A. English Prophecy Books
Appendix B. Some Texts of English Verse Prophecies Not Noted in NIMEV
Appendix C. Compilers, Scribes, and Owners of Manuscripts Containing Political Prophecy
Appendix D. The Ireland Prophecy
Notes
Bibliography
Index
Acknowledgments