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LCD Backlights
Shunsuke Kobayashi (Edited by), S Kobayashi (Author), Shigeo Mikoshiba (Edited by), Sungkyoo Lim (Edited by)
9780470699676, Wiley
Hardback, published 14 April 2009
296 pages
23.6 x 16 x 2.3 cm, 0.562 kg
"LCD Backlights is an invaluable resource for researchers and general readers alike. . . includes an impressive spectrum of topics. Having specialized for nearly 10 years in this field, I can attest to the fact that it would be hard to find anywhere else the range of backlighting technology and information covered in this book." (SID ID Magazine, 2010) "LCD Backlights is an invaluable resource for researchers and general readers alike.... [It] would be hard to find any where else the ‘fullness’ of backlighting technology and information covered in this book." (Information Display, May 2009)
Research and development on liquid crystal display (LCD) backlight technologies are becoming increasingly important due to the fast growth of the LCD business. Backlight technologies contribute to functional improvements of LCDs in terms of wide colour reproduction, uniformity improvements of luminance and colour temperature, high luminance, long life, less power consumption, thinner backlight unit, as well as cost. As LCD panel technology progresses, the lighting technology that provides the illumination for the panel must similarly evolve. LCD Backlights is written by a global panel of leading researchers and practitioners in this field from both academia and industry. The first part of LCD Backlights details the variety of applications of backlights including those in LCD-TV, PC monitors and mobile devices. The second part is a full examination of the different light sources that are used including the latest technological trends in amongst others, cold cathode fluorescent lamps (CCFLs), mercury-free fluorescent lamps and light emitting diodes (LEDs). The final part of the book analyses the optical component of backlights such as diffusers and brightness enhancement films. Key features: LCD Backlights is of significant interest to practising electronics and display engineers as well as scientists working on the development of liquid crystal displays. This book is also of value to graduate students and researchers involved in display technologies. The Society for Information Display (SID) is an international society, which has the aim of encouraging the development of all aspects of the field of information display. Complementary to the aims of the society, the Wiley-SID series is intended to explain the latest developments in information display technology at a professional level. The broad scope of the series addresses all facets of information displays from technical aspects through systems and prototypes to standards and ergonomics
Series Editor's Foreword xi PART ONE BACKLIGHTS BY USE 1 Technical Trends and Requirements/Specifications for LCD TV Backlights 3 1.1 Introduction 3 2 Improvement of Moving Picture Quality by Means of Backlight Control 21 2.1 Introduction 21 3 Multiple Primary Color Backlights 33 3.1 Present Status 33 4 Reduction of Backlight Power Consumption of LCD-TVs 49 4.1 Introduction 49 5 Notebook PC/Monitor Backlights 61 5.1 Introduction 61 6 Backlights for Handheld Data Terminals 73 6.1 Introduction 73 PART TWO LIGHT SOURCE DEVICES 7 CCFL Backlights 91 7.1 Introduction 91 8 CCFL Inverters 103 8.1 Introduction 103 9 HCFL Backlights 117 9.1 HCFL Light Source as a Member of the Fluorescent Lamp Family 117 10 EEFL Backlights 129 10.1 Introduction 129 11 FFL Backlights 147 11.1 Introduction 147 12 Magnetically Coupled Electrodeless Lamps 159 12.1 Introduction 159 13 Mercury-free Fluorescent Lamp Backlights 171 13.1 Introduction 171 14 LED Backlights 181 14.1 Introduction 181 15 Technological Trends of LED Backlight Units 195 15.1 Introduction 195 16 White OLED Backlights 207 16.1 Introduction 207 17 Inorganic EL Backlights 219 17.1 Introduction 219 18 Field Emission Backlights 229 18.1 Introduction 229 PART THREE OPTICAL COMPONENTS 19 Light-guide Plates 237 19.1 Introduction 237 20 Optical Diffuser Plates 251 20.1 Introduction 251 21 Lens Films and Reflective Polarization Films 257 21.1 Introduction 257 References 267
About the Editors xiii
List of Contributors xv
Preface xvii
S. Y. Lee, SAMSUNG Electronics
1.2 Structure of LCD TV Backlights 5
1.3 Trends in LCD TV Backlights 6
1.4 Requirements/Specifications for LCD TV Backlights 14
1.5 Conclusions 19
T. Yamamoto, Hitachi, Ltd
2.2 Blur of Moving Images on LC Displays 22
2.3 Methods of Reducing Motion Blur 26
2.4 Backlight Blinking 30
2.5 Conclusions 32
H. Sugiura, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation
3.2 Technological Impacts 35
3.3 Operation of Prototype, Six-primary-color Monitor 36
3.4 Details of a Six-primary-color Backlight Unit 40
3.5 Signal Processing of Transforming from Three Primaries to Six Primaries 42
3.6 Color Gamut of the Prototype Monitor 43
3.7 Other Techniques for Multiple Primary Color LC-TVs 45
3.8 Remaining Issues 45
T. Shiga, The University of Electro-Communications
4.2 Display Method of LCD and Power Reduction 50
4.3 Principle of the Adaptive Dimming Technique 51
4.4 Adaptive Dimming Control and Power Consumption 53
4.5 Other Features of the Adaptive Dimming Technique 58
B. H. Hong, Kwangwoon University
5.2 Characteristics Required for Backlights 62
5.3 Optical Systems for Backlights 62
5.4 Light Sources for Backlights 64
5.5 Optical Components of Backlights 65
S. Aoyama, Omron Corporation
6.2 Basic Structure and Principles of LED Backlights 74
6.3 Constituents of LED BLUs 80
6.4 Various LED Backlight Configurations 82
6.5 Conclusions 87
K. Yamaguchi, Panasonic Photo & Lighting
7.2 Structure and Operating Principle of CCFLs 91
7.3 Basic Characteristics of CCFLs 93
7.4 Future Trends in CCFLs 99
7.5 Conclusions 101
T. Uematsu, TDK
8.2 Various Drive Schemes of CCFL Inverters 103
8.3 Equivalent Circuit of CCFLs 106
8.4 Inverter Circuits 108
8.5 Driving of CCFLs with Inverters 110
8.6 Lamp Current Balancers for Driving Multiple Lamps 111
8.7 Conclusions 115
A. A. S. Sluyterman, Philips Lighting
9.2 Introduction of the Hot Cathode in Fluorescent Lamps 119
9.3 Driving the HCFL 120
9.4 Cathode Life Properties of HCFL 122
9.5 Lumen Maintenance and Color Point Shift during Life 123
9.6 Designing a Backlight with HCFL 123
9.7 The Scanning Feature, Cost-effectively Enabled by HCFL 126
9.8 The Dimming Feature 126
9.9 Conclusions 128
J.-H. Ko, Hallym University
10.2 Basic Characteristics of EEFLs 130
10.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of EEFL Backlights 136
10.4 Technological Trends of EEFL Backlights 138
10.5 Development Targets 142
10.6 Conclusions 144
G. Kim, GLD Co., Ltd. and Mirae Corporation, and S. Lim, Dankook University
11.2 The History of FFL Development 147
11.3 Characteristics of FFLs 151
11.4 Features of the FFL 154
F. Okamoto, Matsushita Electric Works
12.2 The Operating Principle of Electrodeless Lamps 160
12.3 Environmental Protection 162
12.4 Features of Electrodeless Lamps 162
12.5 Commercial Products with Electrodeless Lamps 163
12.6 Trends in Research and Development 167
12.7 Application to LCD Backlights 167
12.8 Conclusions 168
T. Shiga, The University of Electro-Communications
13.2 Basic Characteristics of Mercury Discharge 172
13.3 Basic Characteristics of Xenon Discharge 172
13.4 Mercury-free Xe Discharge Fluorescent Lamps 174
13.5 Mercury-free Xe Flat Discharge Lamp 176
13.6 Conclusions 179
M. Zeiler and J. Hüttner, OSRAM Opto Semiconductors GmbH
14.2 LED Device Principle 182
14.3 LED Backlight Solutions for Different LCD Sizes 186
14.4 Conclusions 193
Y. Kondo, NEC LCD Technologies
15.2 Structure of LED Backlight Units 195
15.3 Design of LED Backlight Units 196
15.4 Requirements for Backlight Units 199
15.5 Technical Trends of LED Backlights 202
15.6 Applications of LED Backlights 204
15.7 Conclusions 205
J. Jang, Kyung Hee University
16.2 White OLED with a Single-layer Emission 208
16.3 White OLED with Multi-layer Emission 210
16.4 WOLED with Color Conversion 213
16.5 Stacked WOLED Devices 213
16.6 Applications of WOLEDs 214
16.7 Research and Development Status 215
S. Okamoto, NHK Science & Technical Research Laboratories
17.2 Classification of Inorganic EL Devices 220
17.3 Device Structures and Characteristics 221
17.4 High-luminance Inorganic EL Devices 226
17.5 Practical Examples of Backlight Use 227
M. Ushirozawa, NHK Science & Technical Research Laboratories
18.2 Field Electron Emitter 229
18.3 Lamp Container and Vacuum Seal 231
18.4 Cathodoluminescent Phosphor 231
18.5 Issues Relating to Practical Field Emission Backlights 232
Y. Ishiwatari, Asahi Kasei Chemicals
19.2 Market Demands for PMMA 238
19.3 Characteristics of PMMA 239
19.4 Manufacturing Method for PMMA Plates 242
19.5 Applications to LCD Backlight Units 242
19.6 Characteristics Required for Materials of Light-guide Plates 246
19.7 Materials for Extrusion Molding and Injection Molding 248
19.8 Conclusions 249
Y. Ishiwatari, Asahi Kasei Chemicals
20.2 PMMA Light Diffuser Plates 252
20.3 MS and PS Light Diffuser Plates 253
20.4 Trends in Light Diffuser Plates 255
20.5 LED Light Sources and Diffusing Plates 256
F. Hanzawa, Sumitomo 3M
21.2 Fundamentals of Reflection and Refraction 257
21.3 Lens Films (Upward Direction) 259
21.4 Lens Films (Downward Direction) 261
21.5 Reflective Polarization Films 262
21.6 Resin-type Specular Reflection Films 263
21.7 Applications of Films 264
21.8 Standards 266
Index 269
Subject Areas: Electronics & communications engineering [TJ]
