Indonesia's Islamic Revolution

Presents a new understanding of the Indonesian revolution and of Islam as a revolutionary ideology.

Kevin W. Fogg (Author)

9781108738170, Cambridge University Press

Paperback / softback, published 20 October 2022

271 pages
22.9 x 15.2 x 1.4 cm, 0.398 kg

'Indonesia's Islamic Revolution is a good place to start, with an interesting bibliography that combines Western and Indonesian publications, and a narrative made more intriguing by excerpts from oral interviews.' Chiara Formichi, South East Asia Research

The history of the Indonesian Revolution has been dominated by depictions of grassroots fighters and elite politicians who thought of it as a nationalistic or class-based war. In this major new study, Kevin W. Fogg rethinks the Indonesian Revolution (1945–49) as an Islamic struggle, in which pious Muslims, who made up almost half the population, fought and organized in religious ways. Muslims fighting on the ground were convinced by their leaders' proclamations that they were fighting for a holy cause. In the political sphere, however, national leaders failed to write Islam into Indonesia's founding documents - but did create revolutionary precedents that continue to impact the country to this day. This study of a war of decolonization in the world's most populous Muslim country points to the ways in which Islam has functioned as a revolutionary ideology in the modern era.

Introduction
1. Islam in Indonesia before the Revolution
1.1 Islam in Indonesia at the turn of the twentieth century
1.2 Divisions within the Muslim community
1.3 Trends in the early twentieth century
1.4 Japanese occupation
Part I. Islam in Indonesia's War of Independence: 2. Islamic calls to action
2.1 The reasons for the revolutionary struggle
2.2 Early Fatwas
2.3 A flood of Fatwas
2.4 A manifesto for the Islamic revolution: M. Arsjad Thalib Lubis's Toentoenan Perang Sabil
2.5 Attacks on Islam as calls for action
2.6 Conclusion
3. Ulama, Islamic organizations, and Islamic militias
3.1 Ulama as revolutionary leaders
3.2 The mobilization of Islamic organizations
3.3 Sabilillah and Hizbullah
3.4 Islamic militias in battle
3.5 Conclusion
4. Magic, amulets and trances
4.1 Tradition of Islamic magic
4.2 Prayers and incantations
4.3 Amulets and spells
4.4 Martial arts and trances
4.5 Consequences of Islamic magic: fearlessness and high casualties
4.6 Conclusions
5. Social revolution
5.1 Meaning of social revolution
5.2 Out with the old
5.3 In with the new (and Islamic)
5.4 Social revolution in Aceh: the Cumbok War
5.5 Madiun affair as competing social revolutions
5.6 Staying power of social revolution
5.7 Conclusion
6. Darul Islam
6.1 Sequence of events leading Kartosuwirjo into rebellion
6.2 The Darul Islam movement within the Islamic spectrum
6.3 Exceptional factor: Kartosuwirjo
6.4 Conclusion
Part II. Islam in Indonesia's Political Revolution: 7. The Jakarta Charter controversy
7.1 Creation of the investigatory board
7.2 The creation of Pancasila and the Jakarta Charter
7.3 Removal of the Jakarta charter from the constitution
7.4 Implications of the elimination of the Jakarta Charter
8. The creation of Masjumi
8.1 The evolving state in 1945
8.2 Founding an Islamic political party: Masjumi
8.3 Extraordinary members
8.4 Masjumi leadership in 1945
8.5 Conclusions
9. The ministry of religion
9.1 Colonial precedents
9.2 Establishing a ministry
9.3 The ministry of religion in action
9.4 Conclusions: importance of the ministry
10. Rise of Islamic socialists
10.1 Background of the Islamic socialists
10.2 Rise in government and the party
10.3 Islamic socialists and the Masjumi platform
10.4 Conclusions
11. Regional Islamic parties
11.1 Masjumi's geographic expansion
11.2 Persatuan Tarbiyah Islamiyah (Perti)
11.3 Regional political Islam facing federalism
11.4 Conclusion
12. The exit of PSII and the first fracture of Masjumi
12.1 Standard narrative of PSII's exit: central power play
12.2 PSII's own narrative: regional initiative
12.3 Weighing personal versus regional interests in PSII's rebirth
12.4 Conclusions: the implications of PSII's exit for Islamic politics
13. Islamic diplomacy
13.1 Grassroots Islamic diplomacy
13.2 Success with the Arab League
13.3 Diplomatic milestones
13.4 Conclusions
Conclusion.

Subject Areas: Islam [HRH], Religion & politics [HRAM2], Asian history [HBJF]