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    Imagined Liberation
    Xenophobia, Citizenship, and Identity in South Africa, Germany, and Canada

    Heribert Adam (Author), Kogila Moodley (Author)

    9781439911891

    Hardback, published 12 June 2015

    246 pages
    22.9 x 15.2 x 2.3 cm, 0.666 kg

    On a spectrum of hostility towards migrants, South Africa ranks at the top, Germany in the middle and Canada at the bottom. South African xenophobic violence by impoverished slum dwellers is directed against fellow Africans. “Foreign” Africans are blamed for a high crime rate and most other maladies of an imagined liberation.

    Why would a society that liberated itself in the name of human rights turn against people who escaped human rights violations or unlivable conditions at home? What happened to the expected African solidarity? Why do former victims become victimizers?

    With porous borders, South Africa is incapable of upholding the blurred distinction between endangered refugees and economic migrants. Imagined Liberation asks what xenophobic societies can learn from other immigrant societies, such as Canada, that avoided the backlash against multiculturalism in Europe. Heribert Adam and Kogila Moodley stress an innovative teaching of political literacy that makes citizens aware as to why they hate.

    Foreword
    Acknowledgments 
    List of Abbreviations and Acronyms
    Introduction
    Part I Integrating Difference
    1 Comparative Xenophobia
    2 South African Perspectives on Xenophobia
    3 Youth Voices
    Aim and Methodology ? An Ethnography of Township Schools ? How Students View Foreigners
    4 Falling from Grace 
    Shifting Views on “
    Mandelaland”
    ? Reflections on Mandela ? Patriarchy, Sexual Violence, and HIV/AIDS ? Crime and Punishment ? Corruption and Consumption
    ? Reracialization, Affirmative Action, and Black Economic Empowerment ? Descent into Zimbabwe? ? Popular Sentiment versus a Liberal Constitution
    Part II Variations of Migration Policies: Africa, Germany, and Canada
    5 Settler Colonialism
    Two Types of Colonialism ? Founding Myths and Intergroup Attitudes ? Metropolitan/Settler Relations
    6 Xenophobia in Germany
    The Case of Roma/Sinti ? Muslims as Enemies ? Capitalist versus Communist Xenophobia ? Conclusion
    7 Multicultural Canada as an Alternative?
    Canadian Identities and Cultural Traditions ? How to Select Immigrants ? Opportunistic Multiculturalism
    Part III Political Literacy
    8 Xenophobia and Political Literacy 
    Comparing Political Education in Multiethnic Societies ? Political Literacy as Strategy to Combat Xenophobia ? Nation, Nationalism, Ethnicity, Ethnocentrism, and Critical Patriotism ? Cosmopolitan Consciousness
    9 Theorizing Xenophobia
    Conclusion: Alternatives and Global Trends
    Appendices
    Autobiography I: Navigating “
    Difference”
    : Insiders, Outsiders, and
    Contending Identities (Kogila Moodley) 
    Autobiography II: Controversies: Peacemaking in Divided Societies
    (Heribert Adam) 
    References
    Index of Names
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