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Human Blood Plasma Proteins
Structure and Function
Johann Schaller (Author), Simon Gerber (Author), Urs Kaempfer (Author), Sofia Lejon (Author), Christian Trachsel (Author)
9780470016749, Wiley
Hardback, published 15 April 2008
544 pages
25.2 x 19.7 x 3 cm, 1.474 kg
"A major addition to the protein library, with an attractive and authoritative display of critical information about each plasma protein and a color schema of its three-dimensional structure from PDB." (The Quarterly Review of Biology, December 2009)
Human Blood Plasma Proteins gives an overview of the proteins found in human blood plasma, with special emphasis on their structure and function and relationship to pathological states and disease. Topics covered include: The information of each protein discussed in this book in some detail is summarised at the end of each chapter in a Data Sheet, where one can find the most important data of each protein at one glance. Full cross-referencing to protein databases is given and many of the proteins discussed are accompanied by their 3D structure. Attractively presented in full colour, Human Blood Plasma Proteins is an essential atlas of this proteome for anyone working in biochemistry, protein chemistry and proteomics, structural biology, and medicine.
Preface xi 1 Introduction 1 References 3 Part I 5 2 Blood Components 7 2.1 Introduction 7 2.2 Short History 7 2.3 Blood Components 8 2.3.1 Blood cells 8 2.3.2 Blood plasma 12 2.3.3 The blood group system 13 References 15 Data Sheet 16 3 Blood Plasma Proteins 17 3.1 Introduction 17 3.2 Short History 17 3.3 Classification of Blood Plasma Proteins 17 References 20 Part II 21 4 Domains, Motifs and Repeats 23 4.1 Introduction 23 4.2 The Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-Like Domain 24 4.3 The Kringle Domain 26 4.4 The g-Carboxyglutamic Acid-Rich (Gla) Domain 27 4.5 The PAN/Apple Domain 28 4.6 The Sushi/CCP/SCR Domain 30 4.7 The Fibronectin Type I, the Fibronectin Type II Collagen-Binding and the Fibronectin Type III Domains 31 4.8 The Coagulation Factors 5/8 Type C Domain (FA58C) 32 4.9 The Thrombospondin Type I Repeat (TSP1) 34 4.10 The VWFA, VWFC and VWFD Domains 35 4.11 The Cystatin-Like Domain 36 4.12 The LDL-Receptor Class A (LDLRA) and Class B (LDLRB) Domains 36 4.13 The C-Terminal Cystine Knot (CTCK) Structure 38 4.14 The Anaphylatoxin Domain 40 4.15 The CUB Domain 40 4.16 The NTR Domain 41 4.17 The C-Type Lectin (CTL) Domain 42 4.18 The Ig-Like Domain 43 References 44 5 Protein Families 47 5.1 Introduction 47 5.2 Serine Proteases: The Trypsin Family 47 5.3 Serine Protease Inhibitors (Serpins) 48 5.4 The a2-Macroglobulin Family 50 5.5 The Serum Albumin Family 52 5.6 The Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor (Kunitz) Family Signature 52 5.7 The Kazal Serine Protease Inhibitors Family Signature 53 5.8 The Multicopper Oxidase Family 54 5.9 The Lipocalin Family 54 5.10 The Globin Family 55 5.11 The Glucagon/Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide (GIP)/Secretin/ Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Family 56 5.12 The Glycoprotein Hormone Family 58 5.13 Membrane Attack Complex Components/Perforin Signature (The Complement C6/C7/C8/C9 Family) 59 5.14 The Lipase Family 60 5.15 Hormone Families and Signatures 61 5.15.1 The erythropoietin/thrombopoietin signature 61 5.15.2 The corticotropin-releasing factor family 61 5.15.3 The gonadotropin-releasing hormone signature 62 5.15.4 The calcitonin/CGRP/IAPP family 62 5.15.5 The gastrin/cholecystokinin family 62 5.15.6 The insulin family 62 5.16 Growth Factor Families 64 5.16.1 The platelet-derived growth factor family 64 5.16.2 The transforming growth factor-b family 64 5.17 Cytokine Families 65 5.17.1 The tumor necrosis factor family 65 5.17.2 The interferon a, b and d family 66 5.18 Interleukin Families and Signatures 66 5.18.1 The interleukin-1 signature 66 5.18.2 The interleukin-2 signature 67 5.18.3 The interleukin-4/-13 signature 68 5.18.4 The interleukin-6/granulocyte colony-stimulating factor/myelomonocytic growth factor family 68 5.18.5 The interleukin-7 and -9 signature 69 5.18.6 Interleukin-10 family 69 5.19 The Small Cytokine (Intercrine/Chemokine) Family and Signature 70 References 72 6 Posttranslational Modifications 75 6.1 Introduction 75 6.2 Databases for Posttranslational Modifications (PTMs) 75 6.3 Disulfide Bridges 75 6.4 Glycosylation 77 6.5 Phosphorylation 79 6.5.1 Ser/Thr phosphorylation sites 80 6.5.2 Tyr phosphorylation site 81 6.6 Hydroxylation 81 6.6.1 Aspartic acid and asparagine hydroxylation site 81 6.7 Sulfation 82 6.8 Acylation and Alkylation 84 6.9 Amidation 84 6.10 Carboxylation 84 6.11 Crosslinks 85 6.11.1 The isoglutamyl cysteine thioester bond 85 6.11.2 The isopeptide bond 85 References 86 Part III 89 7 Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis 91 7.1 Introduction 91 7.1.1 Definition of haemostasis 91 7.2 Primary Haemostasis 92 7.3 The Coagulation Cascade 95 7.4 The Fibrinolytic System 109 7.5 The Regulation of Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis 114 7.6 The Kinin and Angiotensin/Renin Systems 116 References 119 Data Sheets 121 8 The Complement System 151 8.1 Introduction 151 8.1.1 Nomenclature 152 8.2 The Classical Pathway 152 8.2.1 The anaphylatoxins C3a, C4a and C5a 160 8.3 The Alternative Pathway 160 8.4 The Terminal Components of the Complement System 162 8.5 Components of Complement Activation 165 8.6 Regulation of the Complement System 167 References 171 Data Sheets 172 9 The Immune System 195 9.1 Introduction 195 9.2 Immunoglobulins 196 9.3 Antibody Diversity 203 9.4 Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Proteins 205 9.5 Innate Immune System 209 9.6 Other Proteins 213 References 214 Data Sheets 215 10 Enzymes 231 10.1 Introduction 231 10.2 EC 1: Oxidoreductases 231 10.2.1 EC 1.11: peroxidases 233 10.3 EC 2: Transferases 236 10.3.1 EC 2.3: acyltransferases 236 10.3.2 EC 2.6: transfer of nitrogenous group 237 10.3.3 EC 2.7: transfer of phosphorous-containing groups 237 10.4 EC 3: Hydrolases 239 10.4.1 EC 3.1: esterases (ester bond) 239 10.4.2 EC 3.2: glycosylases (sugars) 242 10.4.3 EC 3.4: peptidases (peptide bonds) 243 EC 3.4.17: metallocarboxypeptidases 243 EC 3.4.21: serine endopeptidases (serine proteases) 243 EC 3.4.22: cysteine endopeptidases (cysteine proteases) 250 EC 3.4.23: aspartic endopeptidases (aspartic proteases) 253 10.5 EC 5: Isomerases 255 10.5.1 EC 5.3: oxidoreductases (intramolecular) 256 References 257 Data Sheets 258 11 Inhibitors 283 11.1 Introduction 283 11.2 Serine Protease Inhibitors (Serpins) 283 11.2.1 Introduction 283 11.2.2 Structural properties 284 11.2.3 Inhibitory reaction 286 11.3 Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis 286 11.3.1 Blood coagulation 287 11.3.2 Fibrinolysis 291 11.4 The Complement System 292 11.5 General Inhibitors 293 11.6 Other Serpins 294 11.7 Other Inhibitors 294 References 298 Data Sheets 299 12 Lipoproteins 317 12.1 Introduction 317 12.2 Enzymes in Lipoprotein Metabolism 318 12.3 Apolipoproteins 320 12.4 LDL and VLDL Receptors 324 12.5 Serum Amyloid A Proteins 325 References 326 Data Sheets 327 13 Hormones 343 13.1 Introduction 343 13.2 Pancreatic Hormones 343 13.3 Gastrointestinal Hormones 346 13.4 Calcium-Related Hormones 347 13.5 Hormone-Releasing Factors, Their Trophic Hormones and Related Hormones 349 13.6 Vasopressin and Oxytocin 355 13.7 Natural Opioid Peptides 356 13.8 Vasoactive Peptides 357 13.9 Erythropoietin and Thrombopoietin 359 13.10 Others 360 13.10.1 Adiponectin 360 13.10.2 Islet amyloid polypeptide 360 References 361 Data Sheets 362 14 Cytokines and Growth Factors 393 14.1 Introduction 393 14.2 Interleukin Families 395 14.2.1 Interleukin-1 family 395 14.2.2 Interleukin-2 family 397 14.2.3 Interleukin-3 family 397 14.2.4 Interleukin-4/interleukin-13 family 398 14.2.5 Interleukin-5 family 398 14.2.6 Interleukin-6 family 400 14.2.7 Interleukin-7/interleukin-9 family 402 14.2.8 Interleukin-10 family 402 14.2.9 Interleukin-15 family 404 14.2.10 Granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor family 404 14.3 Tumour Necrosis Factor Family 405 14.4 The Interferon Family 406 14.4.1 The interferon a/b family 406 14.4.2 The interferon g family 408 14.5 Chemokines 408 14.5.1 The intercrine a/chemokine CxC family 409 14.5.2 The intercrine b/chemokine CC family 410 14.6 The Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Family 413 14.7 Transforming Growth Factor-b Family 414 14.8 Miscellaneous 415 14.8.1 The nerve growth factor-b family 415 14.8.2 Epidermal growth factor 417 14.8.3 Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins 418 References 418 Data Sheets 419 15 Transport and Storage 451 15.1 Introduction 451 15.2 The Serum Albumin Family 451 15.3 The Globin Family 452 15.3.1 Haptoglobin 456 15.4 Iron Transport and Storage 457 15.4.1 Iron oxidation: ceruloplasmin 457 15.4.2 Iron transport proteins: transferrins 459 15.4.3 Iron storage 462 15.4.4 Heme transport and iron recovery: hemopexin 462 15.5 Transport of Hormones, Steroids and Vitamins 463 15.5.1 Hormone transport proteins 464 15.5.2 Steroid transport proteins 467 15.5.3 Vitamin A transport protein 467 15.6 Other Transport Proteins in Plasma 468 15.6.1 Selenoproteins 468 References 468 Data Sheets 469 16 Additional Proteins 487 16.1 Introduction 487 16.2 Additional Blood Plasma Proteins 487 Data Sheets 492 Appendix 503 Glossary 515 Index 521
Subject Areas: Chemistry [PN]
