Horses, Oxen and Technological Innovation
The Use of Draught Animals in English Farming from 1066–1500

An account of the introduction of the horse as a replacement for oxen in English farming.

John Langdon (Author)

9780521525084, Cambridge University Press

Paperback, published 4 July 2002

348 pages
21.6 x 14 x 2 cm, 0.494 kg

The introduction of the horse brought many advantages to medieval English farming, particularly as an improvement to ploughing and hauling. But the replacement of oxen by horses was by no means inevitable, as the situation often depended upon a number of factors not immediately obvious to modern eyes. These factors, which included such environmental aspects as soil types and terrain, are evaluated to see how they affected the decision to use horses and oxen. The introduction of the horse is furthermore examined in relation to farm production, the improvement in marketing, and the development of regionalism; and various theories regarding technological innovation are assessed to see whether this or that innovation acted in a predictable way. Most importantly, the study affords a glimpse into the working of the minds of medieval farmers as they approached the problems of livelihood and survival.

List of figures
List of tables
Preface
Abbreviations
Introduction
1. The work-horse as a technological innovation
2. The initial stages: England from 1066 to 1200
3. The demesne: 1200–1500
4. The peasantry: 1200–1500
5. Conclusions
Appendix
Bibliography
Index.

Subject Areas: Early history: c 500 to c 1450/1500 [HBLC], European history [HBJD]