Freshly Printed - allow 7 days lead
Couldn't load pickup availability
Hazards of Nitrogen and Other Inert Gases
How They Can be Safely Managed
M. Darryl Yoes (Author)
9781394330263, Wiley
Hardback, published 9 April 2025
272 pages
25 x 15 x 1.5 cm, 1.134 kg
An authoritative discussion of safety considerations for professionals and operators working with or around nitrogen and other inert gases In Hazards of Nitrogen and Other Inert Gases: How They Can Be Safely Managed, experienced refinery supervisor and manager M. Darryl Yoes delivers a thorough discussion of the use of nitrogen and other inert gases in the refining industry and other industries where they are commonly used. The author includes a complete exploration of the hazards of working with and around nitrogen, as well as case studies of incidents involving nitrogen in both gas and cryogenic forms, and other inert gases, including carbon dioxide, argon, and neon. Yoes walks readers through the most critical safety aspects of working with asphyxiants such as inert confined space entry and discusses how to avoid and prevent catastrophic incidents. The book offers self-quizzes, essential terms, key workflows, and checklists for routine practice. Readers will also find: Perfect for all operations personnel who work with or around asphyxiants, including petroleum refining and petrochemical plant operators, line supervisors, and process and mechanical engineers, this book will also benefit new operators and advanced students learning about or working with nitrogen and other inert gases.
Preface ix Note to the Reader xiii About the Author xv 1 The Properties, Uses, and Safety Hazards of Nitrogen 1 2 The Properties, Uses, and Safety Hazards of Other Inert Gases 13 2.1 Argon (Ar) 13 2.2 Carbon Dioxide (CO2) 15 2.3 Carbon Monoxide (CO) 16 2.4 Helium (He) (Overview) 17 2.5 Neon (Ne) 19 2.6 Krypton (Kr) 20 2.7 Xenon (Xe) 21 2.8 Light Hydrocarbons 21 3 The Effects of Nitrogen and Other Asphyxiants on the Body (Oxygen Deprivation) 25 4 Protection for Personnel Against Inert Gas Asphyxiation and/or Cold Burns 31 4.1 Adequate Warning Signs and Barricades 31 4.2 Personnel Gas Monitors and Continuous Gas Quality Monitoring and Alarms 33 4.3 Use of Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus 35 4.4 The Documented Work Permit (The Authorization for Specified Work to Begin Issued by an Authorized and Designated Individual) 36 4.5 The Union Carbide Nitrogen Asphyxiation Incident -- Date of Incident 27 March 1998 Investigated by the Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board Final Report Issued 23 February 1999 (Report Number 98-05-I-LA) 36 4.6 Confined Space Entry 38 4.7 Protection Against Supercold Liquids such as Liquid Nitrogen 39 5 Confined Space Entry -- The Occupational Safety and Health Administration Standard (29 CFR 1910.146) and Some Key OSHA 'Letters of Interpretations' 45 5.1 The US OSHA Confined Space Regulation '29 CFR 1910.146 -- Permit Required Confined Spaces' 45 5.2 Confined Space Entry Letters of Interpretation by OSHA (Standard 29 CFR 1910.146) 64 6 The Hazard of Contaminated Breathing Air and How It Can Kill 95 6.1 The Use of Utility Air or Instrument Air as Breathing Air Should Not Be Permitted 95 6.2 Fatalities Due to Using Blended or Manufactured Breathing Air 96 6.3 Requirements for Breathing Air to Ensure Quality (from the OHSA Technical Manual on Respiratory Protection) 96 6.4 Summary of OSHA Requirements for Breathing Air Quality 97 6.5 Notes from the Regulation and the OSHA Technical Manual on Respiratory Protection 97 6.6 Other Specific Requirements 98 7 Most Frequent Causes of Nitrogen Asphyxiation and How to Address Them 103 8 More on Safe Utility Connections 111 9 The Hazards of Inert Entry and an Overview of the Process (Includes Case Studies of What Has Happened) 117 9.1 Background 118 9.2 Specialized Inert Entry Procedures 119 9.3 Inert Entry Planning 120 9.4 The Job Safety Analysis 121 9.5 Acceptable Inert Atmosphere 121 9.6 Inert Gas Supply and Quality 122 9.7 Breathing Air System 122 9.8 Assuring Breathing Air Quality 125 9.9 The Contractor Selection Process 126 9.10 Life Support Equipment 127 9.11 Confined Space and Inert Entry Rescue Plan 127 9.12 Video Surveillance Equipment/Rescue Equipment 127 9.13 Reactor Preparation for Entry 128 9.14 Caution 128 9.15 Catalyst Crusting (Another Caution) 129 10 Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage 133 10.1 How is the Industry Responding to This Increase in Carbon Dioxide? 134 10.2 Safety Aspects of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage (CCUS) 137 11 Nitrogen Asphyxiation Case Studies, and Asphyxiation by Other Inert Gases 143 11.1 What Has Happened / What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 1 -- Nitrogen Asphyxiation 144 11.2 What Has Happened / What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 2 -- Nitrogen Asphyxiation 148 11.3 What Has Happened / What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 3 -- Argon Asphyxiation 152 11.4 What Has Happened / What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 4 -- Argon Asphyxiation 155 11.5 What Has Happened / What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 5 -- Carbon Dioxide Asphyxiation 159 11.6 What Has Happened / What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 6 -- Low Oxygen Content (Asphyxiation) 160 11.7 What Has Happened / What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 7 -- Employee Dies due to Asphyxiation from Oxygen Displacement 161 11.8 What Has Happened / What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 8 -- An Explosion Occurred While Unloading Liquid Nitrogen at an Ice Cream Facility (10 Injured) 163 11.9 What Has Happened / What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 9 -- Fatality of Welder in Confined Space Welding in the Presence of Argon 163 11.10 What Has Happened / What Can Happen Incident Case Study Number 10 -- A Summary of Incidents Involving 'Would-be Rescuers' 164 12 Summary of Additional Actions to Help Prevent Asphyxiation Incidents at Our Facilities 171 13 Additional Discussion of Liquid Nitrogen Use in Ice Cream Shops 175 End of Book Quiz 181 Appendices: 185 1 Answers to the End of Chapter Quizzes 185 2 Answers to the End of Book Quiz 215 3 Documented Incidents Involving Nitrogen Resulting in Fatalities or Serious Injury 219 Index 251
Subject Areas: Industrial chemistry & manufacturing technologies [TD]
