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Handbook of Process Integration (PI)
Minimisation of Energy and Water Use, Waste and Emissions
Ji?í Jaromír Klemeš (Edited by)
9780857095930, Elsevier Science
Hardback, published 31 July 2013
1184 pages
23.3 x 15.6 x 5.4 cm, 1.88 kg
"The 34 chapters solicited for this dense volume describe the basic steps of pinch analysis for heat recovery that started the process integration movement, and review current methods for combining operations within several processes to reduce consumption of resources and harmful emissions...Topics include total site targeting, total material network, trigeneration systems, targeting algorithms, supply chain development, heat recovery loops, and software tools." --ProtoView.com, February 2014
Since its first development in the 1970s, Process Integration (PI) has become an important methodology in achieving more energy efficient processes. This pioneering handbook brings together the leading scientists and researchers currently contributing to PI development, pooling their expertise and specialist knowledge to provide readers with a comprehensive and up-to-date guide to the latest PI research and applications.
After an introduction to the principles of PI, the book reviews a wide range of process design and integration topics ranging from heat and utility systems to water, recycling, waste and hydrogen systems. The book considers Heat Integration, Mass Integration and Extended PI as well as a series of applications and case studies. Chapters address not just operating and capital costs but also equipment design and operability issues, through to buildings and supply chains.
With its distinguished editor and international team of expert contributors, Handbook of Process Integration (PI) is a standard reference work for managers and researchers in all energy-intensive industries, as well as academics with an interest in them, including those designing and managing oil refineries, petrochemical and power plants, as well as paper/pulp, steel, waste, food and drink processors.
Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy Foreword Part I: Overview of Process Integration and Analysis Chapter 1: Process Integration (PI): An Introduction Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 A Short History of Process Integration (PI) 1.3 Current Centres of Expertise in PI 1.4 Sources of Further Information Chapter 2: Basic Process Integration Terminology Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Process Integration Terms: The Importance of Context 2.3 Fundamental Process Integration Terms 2.4 Conventions: Symbols for Heaters and Coolers 2.6 Appendix: Nomenclature Chapter 3: Process Design, Integration and Optimisation: Advantages, Challenges and Drivers Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Grassroots Design versus Retrofit Design 3.3 Process Integration 3.4 Integration versus Intensification 3.5 Process Integration Techniques 3.6 Optimisation of Integrated Processes 3.7 Controllability of Integrated Processes 3.8 Process Integration under Disturbances Part II: Heat Integration Chapter 4: Heat Integration: Targets and Heat Exchanger Network Design Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Stages in the Design of Heat Recovery Systems 4.3 Data Extraction 4.4 Performance Targets 4.5 Process Modifications 4.6 Network Design 4.7 Design Evolution 4.8 Conclusion 4.9 Sources of Further Information Chapter 5: Application of Process Integration to the Synthesis of Heat and Power Utility Systems Including Combined Heat and Power (CHP) and Industrial Heat Pumps Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Targeting Utility Loads and Temperature Levels 5.3 Integration of Advanced Energy Conversion Cycles as Process Utilities: Basic Concepts 5.4 Process Integration of Heat Engines 5.5 Process Integration of Heat Pumps 5.6 Sources of Further Information and Advice Chapter 6: Total Site Methodology Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Data Extraction for Total Sites 6.3 Total Site Profiles and Total Site Composite Curves 6.4 Site Utility Grand Composite Curve (SUGCC) 6.5 Conclusion 6.6 Sources of Further Information Chapter 7: Extending Total Site Methodology to Address Varying Energy Supply and Demand Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Characteristics of Energy Supply and Demand 7.3 Thermal Energy Storage and Integrated Architecture 7.4 Terminology for Process Streams and Utilities 7.5 Identification of Time Slices 7.6 Heat Cascades for the Evaluation of Total Site Targets When There Is Variation in Supply and Demand 7.7 Case Study: Integration of Solar Thermal Energy into a Locally Integrated Energy Sector (LIES) 7.8 Conclusion 7.9 Sources of Further Information 7.11 Appendix: Nomenclature Chapter 8: Analysis and Design of Heat Recovery Systems for Grassroots and Retrofit Situations Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Extended Procedures for Grassroots Analysis 8.3 Extended Procedures for Grassroots Design 8.4 Retrofit Analysis and Design 8.5 Use of Optimisation for Heat Exchanger Network Synthesis 8.6 Conclusion 8.7 Sources of Further Information Chapter 9: Heat Integration in Batch Processes Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Graphical Technique for Heat Integration in Batch Process 9.3 Mathematical Technique for Heat Integration of Batch Plants 9.4 Case Study of a Multipurpose Batch Facility 9.5 Industrial Case Study 9.6 Conclusion 9.7 Sources of Further Information 9.9 Appendix: Glover Transformation (Glover, 1975) Part III: Mass Integration Chapter 10: Water Pinch Analysis for Water Management and Minimisation: An Introduction Abstract: 10.1 Approaches for Water Management and Minimisation 10.2 Water Integration and Water Pinch Analysis 10.3 Water Pinch Analysis Steps 10.4 Examples of Successful Case Studies 10.7 Appendix: Nomenclature Chapter 11: Using Systematic Design Methods to Minimise Water Use in Process Industries Abstract: 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Water Use in Process Industries 11.3 Process Integration for Water Systems 11.4 Conclusions and Future Trends 11.5 Sources of Further Information Chapter 12: Synthesis of Water Networks with Water Loss and Gain via an Extended Pinch Analysis Technique Abstract: 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Targeting a Single Water-Using Process 12.3 Process-based Graphical Approach (PGA) for Synthesis of Direct Reuse Water Networks 12.4 Conclusion 12.5 Sources of Further Information and Advice 12.6 Acknowledgements 12.8 Appendix: Nomenclature Chapter 13: Conserving Material Resources through Process Integration: Material Conservation Networks Abstract: 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Overall Targeting of Material Conservation Networks 13.3 Mass Exchange Networks 13.4 Water-Pinch Analysis 13.5 Direct Recycle and Material Recycle Pinch Diagram 13.6 Property-Based Material Recycle Pinch Diagram 13.8 Appendix: Nomenclature Part IV: Extended Process Integration Chapter 14: Process Integration for Cleaner Process Design Abstract: 14.1 Introduction 14.2 A Revised ‘Onion Diagram’ 14.3 Different Models for Total Material Network (TMN) 14.4 Case Study: Water Minimisation in a Water Fabrication Plant 14.5 Conclusion 14.6 Sources of Further Information 14.8 Appendix: Nomenclature Chapter 15: Process Integration Concepts for Combined Energy and Water Integration Abstract: 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Water–Energy Specifics and Challenges 15.3 Water Path Concept 15.4 State-of-the-Art Methodology for Combined Energy and Water Integration 15.5 Sequential, Simultaneous, Mathematical Programming 15.6 Conclusion 15.7 Sources of Further Information Chapter 16: Process Integration Techniques for Cogeneration and Trigeneration Systems Abstract: 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Combined Heat and Power 16.3 Heat Integration of Trigeneration Systems 16.4 Conclusions 16.5 Sources of Further Information 16.7 Appendix: Nomenclature Chapter 17: Pinch Analysis for Sustainable Energy Planning Using Diverse Quality Measures Abstract: 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Generalised Problem Statement 17.3 Graphical Targeting Procedure 17.4 Case Studies 17.5 Conclusion 17.6 Sources of Further Information 17.8 Appendix Chapter 18: A Unified Targeting Algorithm for Diverse Process Integration Problems Abstract: 18.1 Introduction to Targeting Algorithms 18.2 Unified Approach to Diverse Resource Optimisation Problems 18.3 Basis for Unification 18.4 Unified Targeting Algorithm (UTA) 18.5 Heat Exchange Networks (HENs) and Mass Exchange Networks (MENs) 18.6 Water Networks: Case Study of a Specialty Chemical Plant 18.7 Hydrogen and Other Gas Networks 18.8 Property-Based Material Reuse Networks 18.9 Alternative Approaches to Targeting 18.10 Conclusion 18.11 Sources of Further Information 18.13 Appendix: Nomenclature Chapter 19: A Process Integration Approach for Supply Chain Development Abstract: 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Supply Chain Characteristics and Performance Measurement 19.3 Supply Chain Development with Process Integration 19.4 Case Studies 19.5 Future Trends 19.6 Sources of Further Information Chapter 20: Application of Heat Recovery Loops to Semi-continuous Processes for Process Integration Abstract: 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Indirect Heat Recovery Systems 20.3 Application of Heat Recovery Loops to Semi-continuous Plants 20.4 A More Complex Example of a Heat Recovery Loop (HRL) 20.5 Case Study: Semi-continuous Multi-plant Dairy Factory 20.6 Conclusions and Future Trends 20.7 Sources of Further Information Part V: Applications and Case Studies Chapter 21: Applications of Energy and Water Process Integration Methodologies in Oil Refineries and Petrochemical Complexes Abstract: 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Heat and Power Integration 21.3 Water and Wastewater Minimisation Results and Discussion Results and Discussion 21.4 Effluent Treatment and Regeneration Results and Discussion Results and Discussion 21.5 Conclusion Chapter 22: Process Integration of an Oil Refinery Hydrogen Network Abstract: 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Technology Review 22.3 An Industrial Case Study 22.4 Hydrogen Management in the Wider Context of Process Integration: Future Trends 22.5 Conclusion 22.6 Sources of Further Information Chapter 23: Retrofit Mass Integration of Acid Gas Removal Systems in Petrochemical Plants Abstract: 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Review of Previous Work on Mass Exchanger Network Synthesis (MENS) and Retrofit of Existing Systems 23.3 Systems Studied: Venturi Scrubber System and Ethanolamine Absorber System 23.4 Pinch Approach 23.5 Hybrid Approach 23.6 Solution Equilibria 23.7 Results and Discussion 23.8 Conclusions and Sources of Further Information Chapter 24: Applications of Pinch Technology to Total Sites: A Heavy Chemical Industrial Complex and a Steel Plant Abstract: 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Case Study of a Heavy Chemical Complex 24.3 Case Study of a Steel Plant 24.4 Conclusion 24.5 Sources of Further Information 24.6 Acknowledgements Chapter 25: Applications of Process Integration Methodologies in the Pulp and Paper Industry Abstract: 25.1 Introduction 25.2 Energy Demands and Sources in the Kraft Pulping Process 25.3 Relations between the Heat Exchanger and Water Networks 25.4 Increasing Energy Efficiency in Existing Mills 25.5 Methodological Developments for Heat Integration in Existing Mills 25.6 Evolution of Pulp and Paper Mills 25.7 Conclusion 25.8 Sources of Further Information Chapter 26: Application of Process Integration Methodologies to the Thermal Processing of Waste Abstract: 26.1 Introduction 26.2 Types of Waste Thermal Processing Plants 26.3 Analysis of Energy Efficiency in the TERMIZO Plant 26.4 Application of Heat Integration Technology 26.5 Conclusion 26.6 Sources of Further Information and Advice Chapter 27: Application of Process Integration Methodologies in the Brewing Industry Abstract: 27.1 Introduction 27.2 Process Flowsheet Analysis 27.3 Calculating Maximum Heat Recovery in the System 27.4 Defining the Energy Conversion System 27.5 Conclusion 27.6 Sources of Further Information 27.8 Appendix A: Complementary Tables 27.9 Appendix B: Nomenclature Chapter 28: Applications of Process Integration Methodologies in Dairy and Cheese Production Abstract: 28.1 Introduction 28.2 Application of Process Integration Methodologies 28.3 Selected Case Studies 28.4 Future Trends 28.5 Sources of Further Information Chapter 29: Applications of Process Integration Methodologies in Beet Sugar Plants Abstract: 29.1 Introduction 29.2 Sugar Production from Sugar Beet 29.3 Identification of Opportunities to Improve Energy and Water Use in Sugar Plants 29.4 Reduction of Energy Consumption 29.5 Reduction of Water Consumption 29.6 Energy and Water Use in Sugar Production Directly from Raw Beet Juice 29.7 Future Trends 29.8 Sources of Further Information and Advice Chapter 30: Application of Process Integration Techniques for the Efficient Use of Energy in a Urea Fertiliser Plant: A Case Study Abstract: 30.1 Introduction 30.2 Process Description 30.3 Opportunities for the Reduction of Energy Consumption 30.4 Conclusion 30.5 Sources of Further Information 30.7 Appendix: Nomenclature Chapter 31: Process Integration for Energy Saving in Buildings and Building Complexes Abstract: 31.1 Introduction 31.2 Buildings as Consumers and Producers of Energy 31.3 Commercial and Public Buildings and Building Complexes 31.4 District Energy (DE) Systems and Total Site Analysis (TSA) 31.5 The Use of Industrial Waste Heat 31.6 Renewable Energy for Buildings 31.7 Conclusion 31.8 Sources of Further Information and Advice Chapter 32: Heat Transfer Enhancement in Heat Exchanger Networks Abstract: 32.1 Introduction to Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers 32.2 Heat Transfer Enhancement Techniques 32.3 Heat Transfer Enhancement in Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit 32.4 Heat Transfer Enhancement in Heat Exchanger Network Retrofit with Fouling Consideration 32.5 Sources of Further Information 32.6 Nomenclature Chapter 33: Applications of Pinch Analysis in the Design of Isolated Energy Systems Abstract: 33.1 Introduction 33.2 Isolated Energy Systems: Descriptions and Models 33.3 Grand Composite Curve and Storage Sizing 33.4 Design Space 33.5 Illustrative Applications 33.6 Sources of Further Information and Advice Part VI: Software Tools and Epilogue Chapter 34: Software Tools for Heat Integration Abstract: 34.1 Heat Integration Software Tools 34.2 Sources of Further Information and Advice Chapter 35: Mass and Water Integration Software Tools Abstract: 35.1 Mass and Water Integration Software Tools 35.2 Sources of Further Information and Advice Chapter 36: Epilogue: The Importance of Problem Formulation and Data Extraction in Process Integration Abstract: 36.1 Introduction: Process Integration – from its Roots to its Present Strong Position 36.2 Successful Applications of Process Integration 36.3 Methods of Obtaining Credible High Integration HI Solutions 36.4 Data Extraction 36.5 Integration of Renewables – Fluctuating Demand and Supply 36.6 Results Interpretation 36.7 Conclusion: Making It Happen 36.8 Sources of Further Information 36.9 Acknowledgements Index
Subject Areas: Alternative & renewable energy sources & technology [THX], Other manufacturing technologies [TDP]
