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Gleaning for Communism
The Soviet Socialist Household in Theory and Practice
Xenia A. Cherkaev (Author)
9781501770234
Hardback, published 15 July 2023
210 pages, 20 b&w halftones - 20 Halftones, black and white
22.9 x 15.2 x 2.2 cm, 0.907 kg
Cherkaev has fashioned a historical ethnography of this property regime which is both theoretically complex and convincing. Rich in emic detail, it captures the essence of how the socialist household functioned, how it collapsed, and how it was remembered. This book is to be praised, primarily, for granting Soviet citizens subjectivity without making them liberal subjects. It is a great contribution to the conversation about alternative modernity and a thought-provoking, engaging and clever reading. Cherkaev's exploration of the Soviet period is not only fulfilling on its own terms, but also provides an explanatory framework for a wide range of common practices that remain long into the post-Soviet era. Gleaning for Communism is, I hope, the first book of many to revisit the question of property and ethics, and how their interrelationship structures social relations. This book should inspire research on the material history of consumerism and historical and anthropological work on housing and Soviet welfare provision more generally. Cherkaev makes an important contribution to the history of ideas and intellectual history as she consistently traces the emergence, development, transformation, and decline of the concept of "socialist property" ("socialist economy") from the early post-revolutionary years to the collapse of the Soviet Union. In her recent book, Gleaning for Communism: The Soviet Socialist Household in Theory and Practice, the American anthropologist Xenia A. Cherkaev challenges the ideological constraints that shape the construction of knowledge on economic relations in non-democratic societies – much like American Sovietologists did in the 1970s. Cherkaev's work brings us closer to understanding the phenomenon of the Soviet person: his agency and role in the functioning of the state. By raising the issue of attitudes to personal and socialist property, it opens up a whole range of problems related to the internal moral logic of the individual in the late Soviet Union and contemporary Russia.
Gleaning for Communism is a historical ethnography of the property regime upon which Soviet legal scholars legislated a large modern state as a household, with guaranteed rights to a commons of socialist property, rather than private possessions. Starting with former Leningrad workers' everyday stories about smuggling industrial scrap home over factory fences, Xenia Cherkaev traces collectivist ethical logic that was central to this socialist household economy, in theory and practice: from its Stalin-era inception, through Khrushchev's major foregrounding of communist ethics, to Gorbachev's perestroika, which unfurled its grounding tension between the interests of any given collective and of the socialist household economy itself. A story of how the socialist household economy functioned, how it collapsed, and how it was remembered, this book is haunted throughout by a spectral image of the totalitarian state, whose jealous political control over the economy leads it to trample over all that which ought to be private. Underlying this image, and the neoliberal state phobia it justified, is the question of how individual interests ought to relate to the public good in a large modern society, which, it is assumed, cannot possibly function by the non-private logics of householding. This book tells the story of a large modern society that did.
Introduction: Households and Historiographies
1. The "Soviet" Things of Postsocialism
2. Gleaning for the Common Good
3. Songs of Stalin and Khrushchev
4. Chuvstvo khoziaina: The Feeling of Being an Owner
Conclusion: Russian Socialism