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Geophysical Exploration for Hydrocarbon Reservoirs, Geothermal Energy, and Carbon Storage
New Technologies and AI-based Approaches
Said Gaci (Edited by), Gaci (Author)
9781394261536, Wiley
Hardback, published 9 October 2025
528 pages
26.3 x 18.5 x 3.3 cm, 1.247 kg
A practical guide to the latest technologies and techniques in subsurface energy exploration In Geophysical Exploration for Hydrocarbon Reservoirs, Geothermal Energy, and Carbon Storage: New Technologies and AI-based Approaches, distinguished researcher Said Gaci delivers a practice-oriented overview and comparison of the concepts, methods, and workflows for the geophysical characterization of hydrocarbon and geothermal reservoirs, including those reservoirs suitable for large-scale carbon sequestration. Organized into four parts, the book begins with a summary of novel petroleum exploration technologies and discussions of illustrative case studies from around the world. It then explains how to integrate seismic and other non-invasive surveying methods for a comprehensive multiscale reservoir characterization. The third part explores the implementation of artificial intelligence tools in remote exploration, rock typing, and fluid prediction. The final part demonstrates how to apply hydrocarbon exploration methods to the exploration and development of geothermal reservoirs and underground carbon dioxide storage sites. Readers will find: Perfect for geologists, geoengineers, geophysicists, and fossil fuel professionals, Geophysical Exploration for Hydrocarbon Reservoirs, Geothermal Energy, and Carbon Storage will also benefit anyone aiming to remain at the forefront of subsurface energy exploration in the twenty-first century.
List of Contributors xvii Preface xix About the Book xxi Section I New Technologies and Insights into Petroleum Exploration 1 1 Gas Seepage in Marginal Structures as Additional Shallow and Deep Hydrocarbon Systems Indicator (Some of Recent FR Scanning Results) 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 General Principles and Methods 4 1.3 Gas Fluids as Additional Hydrocarbon Processes Indicator in Some Continental Margin Structures 4 1.4 Conclusions 24 Author Contributions 24 Conflict of Interests 25 References 25 2 The Role of the LVZ and of Increased Seismicity in the Localization of Abiogenic HC in the Crystalline Crust of Transcarpathia 29 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 Basic Principles of Petrophysical Thermobaric Modeling 30 2.3 Influence of �-Regimes on the Elastic Characteristics and Density of Rocks 30 2.4 The LVZs in the Crystalline Crust as Zones of Increased Porosity of Mineral Matter 34 2.5 A Comparison of Experimental Data and Geophysical Observations 36 2.6 Geological Interpretation of the PTBM Results 37 2.7 The Nature of LVZ along the DSS Profile (RP-17) Using the PTBM Methodology 39 2.8 Elastic Characteristics of the Mineral Substance along the DSS Profile (RP-17) 42 2.9 Conclusions 44 References 45 3 Precambrian Mid-Continent Rift Potential for Hosting Numerous Helium and Hydrogen Accumulations, Central USA 49 3.1 Introduction 50 3.2 The Formation of the Mid-Continent Rift System 51 3.3 Geology 52 3.4 Wells of Interest 57 3.5 Trap and Seal 59 3.6 Gravity/Magnetics 61 3.7 Seismic 62 3.8 Oil and Gas Exploration and Production 64 3.9 Iron and Base Metals 65 3.10 Impact Craters 65 3.11 Helium 65 3.12 Hydrogen 67 3.13 Summary 70 References 70 4 Production from Desmoinesian and Atokan Age Coalbed Methane and Carbonaceous Mudstone and Their Relationship to Structure and Geologic History of the Cherokee Basin, Kansas and Oklahoma, USA 73 4.1 Introduction 73 4.2 Geology 75 4.3 Production 79 4.4 Drilling and Completion Methods 84 4.5 Jefferson-Sycamore Area 85 4.6 Discussion 91 References 97 5 Geophysical Research and Monitoring Within the Framework of a Block-Layered Model with Inclusions of a Hierarchical Structure 99 5.1 Review 99 5.2 Conclusions 102 References 102 Section II Reservoir Characterization Concepts and Workflows 105 6 A Review on Shear Wave Velocity Estimation Methods 107 6.1 Introduction 107 6.2 Empirical Relationships for Estimating S-Wave Velocity 108 6.3 Intelligent Systems for Estimating S-Wave Velocity 111 6.4 Rock Physics Models for Estimating S-Wave Velocity 113 6.5 Example 116 6.6 Conclusions 119 References 119 7 Geomechanics in Petroleum Exploration, Development, and Energy Transition 125 7.1 Introduction 125 7.2 Role of Geomechanics in Exploration and Development 126 7.3 Enhancing Reservoir Performance Through Geomechanics 130 7.4 Predictive Analyses and Production Optimization 131 7.5 Unconventional Hydrocarbon Reservoirs and Geomechanics 134 7.6 Geomechanics in Geological Carbon Storage 140 7.7 Geomechanics of Hydrogen Storage and Production 145 7.8 Conclusions 149 References 150 8 Size Scaling and Spatial Clustering of Natural Fracture Networks Using Fractal Analysis 161 8.1 Introduction 161 8.2 Geological Settings 162 8.3 Methods and Approaches 163 8.4 Fractal Analysis 164 8.5 Conclusions 178 References 182 9 Application of Seismic Attributes on Digital Elevation Model: Fractures Detection and Reservoir Implication 185 9.1 Introduction 185 9.2 Problematic 186 9.3 Workflow and Methodology 187 9.4 Fault Detection Techniques 190 9.5 Fault Analysis 191 9.6 Fracture Intensity and Density Analysis 196 9.7 Fracture Connectivity, Permeability, and Wavelet Analysis 197 9.8 Discussion 199 9.9 Conclusions 200 References 201 10 Structural Analysis and Fracture Kinematics Using Seismic 2D and Geological Maps 205 10.1 Introduction 205 10.2 Material and Methods 206 10.3 Geological Settings 207 10.4 Gravity Data 208 10.5 Structural Analysis 210 10.6 Seismic Data Analysis 212 10.7 Fault Analysis 216 10.8 Conclusions 217 References 218 11 A New Method for Reservoir Fracture Characterization and Modeling Using Surface Analog 221 11.1 Introduction 221 11.2 Methodology 222 11.3 Geological Background 223 11.4 Material and Methods 224 11.5 Data Analysis 225 11.6 3D Fracture Models 232 11.7 Discussion and Conclusions 233 References 235 12 An Integrated Workflow for Multiscale Fracture Analysis in Reservoir Analog 237 12.1 Introduction 237 12.2 Geological Background 238 12.3 Material and Method 240 12.4 Fracture Characterization 241 12.5 Fracture Analysis 246 12.6 Fractal Analysis 248 12.7 3D Fault Models 249 12.8 Discussion 249 12.9 Conclusions 251 References 251 Section III Artificial Intelligence Applied to Reservoir Characterization 257 13 Exploring the Depths: Satellite Image Processing and Artificial Intelligence in the Oil and Gas Industry 259 13.1 Introduction 259 13.2 Overview of Satellite Technology 260 13.3 Evolution of Satellite Technology in the Oil and Gas Industry 261 13.4 Satellite Image Processing Techniques 262 13.5 Artificial Intelligence in Satellite Imagery Processing 264 13.6 Practical Applications and AI in the Oil and Gas Industry 266 13.7 Conclusions 273 References 275 14 Modern AI Usage in the Oil and Gas Industry for Reservoir Characterization and Lithofacies Forecasting (Rock Typing) 281 14.1 Introduction 281 14.2 Workflow of Rock Typing Using Machine Learning 284 14.3 Application 285 14.4 Conclusions 297 Acknowledgment 299 References 299 15 Logging-Data-Driven Fluid Prediction in Clastic Reservoir Based on Fractal Attributes and Machine Learning Methods 303 15.1 Introduction 303 15.2 Studied Dataset 304 15.3 Overview of Fractal Analysis Steps Employed in Geophysical Well Logs Study 305 15.4 Overview of Employed Machine Learning Methods 307 15.5 Model Evaluation 309 15.6 Results and Discussion 311 15.7 Conclusions 318 Acknowledgment 318 References 318 16 Unlocking Deeper Insights: Using Machine Learning to Predict Dynamic Shear Wave Slowness from Well Logs 323 16.1 Introduction 323 16.2 Studied Wells and Dataset 324 16.3 Overview of Employed Machine Learning Methods 325 16.4 Model Evaluation 328 16.5 Results and Discussion 330 16.6 Conclusions 338 Acknowledgment 338 References 338 Section IV Energy transition: New Perspectives on Geothermal Energy Exploration and Development and CO2 Sequestration 343 17 Energy Transition and the Role of AI: Statistics, Trends, and Implications 345 17.1 Introduction 345 17.2 Objectives for the Energy Transition 345 17.3 Emerging Trends of Energy Transition and AI 346 17.4 Implications of Leveraging AI in Energy Transition 348 17.5 Challenges to Apply AI in Renewable Energy Sector 348 17.6 Conclusions 351 References 352 18 On the Importance of Integrating Geomodeling in Geothermal Studies 355 18.1 Introduction 355 18.2 Geology of Geothermal Provinces 356 18.3 Exploration of Geothermal Reservoirs 358 18.4 Modeling the Subsurface of Geothermal Reservoirs 361 18.5 Concepts of 3D Geocellular Modeling 363 18.6 Geophysical Modeling with the 3D Geocellular Grid 367 18.7 Faults and Fracture Network Modeling with the 3D Geocellular Grid 370 18.8 Updating the Property Models with Integrated Workflows 373 18.9 Conclusions 374 References 375 19 Advancements, Challenges, and Outlook of Geothermal Reservoir Operations 379 19.1 Introduction 379 19.2 Geomechanical Considerations of Geothermal Reservoirs 382 19.3 Drilling and Well Completion Technologies 390 19.4 Production and Injection Optimization 392 19.5 Future Directions and Research Needs 398 19.6 Environmental and Social Considerations for Geothermal Energy Development 403 References 409 20 Multiscale Reservoir Characterization of a CO2 Storage Aquifer: Mineralogical, Geomechanical, and Petrophysical Analyses for a CCS Project in North Dakota? 417 20.1 Introduction 417 20.2 CCS Overview 418 20.3 Case Study: Carbon Storage in the Broom Creek Saline Aquifer, Williston Basin, North Dakota 425 20.4 Conclusions 444 References 444 21 Anthropogenic Carbon Sequestration into the Subsurface: Caveats and Pitfalls 451 21.1 Introduction 451 21.2 CO2 Incentives 452 21.3 Chemistry 452 21.4 Carbon Dioxide 453 21.5 Potential Sequestration Locations 455 21.6 Sequestration in Hydrocarbon and Carbon Dioxide Reservoirs 456 21.7 Risk Assessment Analysis and Characterization of a Reservoir for CO2 Sequestration 458 21.8 Sequestration in Saline Aquifers 461 21.9 Sequestration in Coal Seams 465 21.10 Sequestration in Carbonaceous Mudstones 468 21.11 Mineral Sequestration 470 21.12 Sequestration in Oceans 471 21.13 Sequestration in Soils 471 21.14 Class VI Wells 471 21.15 Case Histories/Models 473 21.16 Summary 482 References 483 Index 489
Valery Soloviev, Mykola Yakymchuk, Ignat Korchagin
Valeriy Korchin, Elena Karnaukhova
Steven A. Tedesco
Steven A. Tedesco
Olga Hachay, Andrey Khachay
Said Gaci, Mohammed Farfour
Ghoulem Ifrene, Kuldeep Singh
Sofiane Djezzar, Aldjia Boualam
Sofiane Djezzar, Aldjia Boualam
Sofiane Djezzar, Aldjia Boualam
Sofiane Djezzar, Aldjia Boualam
Sofiane Djezzar, Aldjia Boualam
Hasna Yazid, Said Gaci
Hasna Yazid, Said Gaci, Mohammed Farfour
Abdelbasset Boulassel, Soraya Makhlouf, Fethi Ali Cheddad, Zinelaabidine Boumelit, Badis Zegagh, Salah Boufenchouche, Amar Boudella, Naima Zaourar, Said Gaci
Abdelbasset Boulassel, Soraya Makhlouf, Zinelaabidine Boumelit, Badis Zegagh, Salah Boufenchouche, Fethi Ali Cheddad, Amar Boudella, Naima Zaourar, Said Gaci
Said Gaci, Hasna Yazid, Aziz Khelalef , Mohammed Farfour
Mohamed Amrouche
Ghoulem Ifrene, Singh Kuldeep, William Gosnold
Aimen Laalam, Ahmed Merzoug, Hichem Aymen Katib Chellal
Steven A. Tedesco
Subject Areas: Earth sciences [RB]
