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Fundamental Design of Steelmaking Refractories
Debasish Sarkar (Author)
9781119790730, Wiley
Hardback, published 19 May 2023
528 pages
22.9 x 15.2 x 3.1 cm, 0.971 kg
Fundamental Design of Steelmaking Refractories Comprehensive up-to-date resource organizing fundamental aspects for the design and performance of steelmaking refractories Fundamental Design of Steelmaking Refractories provides a fundamental understanding in the design of steelmaking refractories, in detail and all in one source, enabling readers to understand various issues including how heat and mass transfer occurs throughout the refractory, how matrix impurity or their contact affects the phases, and how invisible defects form during refractory manufacturing that eventually facilitates to analyze wear, corrosion, and performance of different refractory linings for primary and secondary steelmaking vessels, tundish, and continuous casting refractories. Other specific sample topics covered in Fundamental Design of Steelmaking Refractories include: With its complete coverage of the subject, Fundamental Design of Steelmaking Refractories fulfills the academic demand of undergraduate, postgraduate, and research scholars of ceramic engineering; metallurgical engineers and mechanical engineering outlets that want to nurture in the refractory and steel sectors will also find value in the text.
Preface xv Acknowledgment xvii About Author xix 1 Heat and Mass Transfer 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Energy Conservation 2 1.3 Conduction 6 1.4 Convection 16 1.5 Radiation 29 1.6 Mass Transfer 34 1.7 Heat Transfer in Refractory Lining 39 References 43 2 Equilibrium and Nonequilibrium Phases 45 2.1 Introduction 45 2.2 Basics of Phase Diagram 45 2.3 One-Component Phase Diagrams 62 2.4 Two-Component Phase Diagrams 64 2.5 Three-Component Phase Diagrams 72 2.6 Nucleation and Crystal Growth 79 2.7 Nonequilibrium Phases 83 References 85 3 Packing, Stress, and Defects in Compaction 87 3.1 Introduction 87 3.2 Refractory Grading and Packing 88 3.3 Stress–Strain during Compaction 98 3.4 Agglomeration and Compaction 99 3.5 Uniaxial Pressing 102 3.6 Cold Isostatic Pressing 104 3.7 Defects in Shaped Refractories 107 References 111 4 Degree of Ceramic Bonding 113 4.1 Introduction 113 4.2 Importance of Heating Compartment 114 4.3 Initial Stage Sintering 118 4.4 Intermediate and Final Stage Sintering 126 4.5 Microstructure Alteration 130 4.6 Sintering with Low Melting Constituents 137 4.7 Bonding Below 1000°C 138 References 142 5 Thermal and Mechanical Behavior 143 5.1 Introduction 143 5.2 Mechanical Properties 144 5.3 Cracking 154 5.4 Thermal Properties 160 5.5 Thermomechanical Response 168 5.6 Wear 176 References 182 6 High Temperature Refractory Corrosion 183 6.1 Introduction 183 6.2 Thermodynamic Perceptions 184 6.3 Effect of Temperature and Water Vapor 187 6.4 Slag–Refractory Interactions 191 6.5 Phenomenological Approach and Slag Design 206 References 215 7 Operation and Refractories for Primary Steel 217 7.1 Introduction 217 7.2 Operational Features in BOF 221 7.3 Operational Features in EAF 232 7.4 Refractory Designing and Lining 236 7.5 Refractory Maintenance Practice 252 7.6 Philosophy to Consider Raw Materials 254 7.7 Microstructure-dependent Properties of Refractories 257 References 260 8 Operation and Refractories for Secondary Steelmaking 263 8.1 Introduction 263 8.2 Steel Diversity, Nomenclature, and Use 267 8.3 Vessels for Different Grades of Steel 270 8.4 Operational Features of Vessels 272 8.5 Designing Aspects of Refractories 291 8.6 Refractories for Working Lining 303 References 315 9 Precast and Purging System 319 9.1 Introduction 319 9.2 Composition Design of Castables 320 9.3 Precast-Shape Design and Manufacturing 337 9.4 Precast Shapes and Casting 337 9.5 Purging Plugs 341 References 350 10 Refractories for Flow Control 353 10.1 Introduction 353 10.2 First–Second–Third Generation Slide Gate 355 10.3 New Generation Ladle Slide Gate System 359 10.4 Ladle Slide Gate Plate 360 10.5 Tundish Slide Gate and Plate 380 10.6 Short Nozzles for Ladle and Tundish 389 10.7 Nozzle Diameter and Gate Opening in Flow 390 References 393 11 Refractories for Continuous Casting 395 11.1 Introduction 395 11.2 Importance of Long Nozzles in Steel Transfer 397 11.3 Tundish Lining 400 11.4 Ladle Shroud (LS) 409 11.5 Mono Block Stopper 427 11.6 Submerged-Entry Nozzle 430 References 444 12 Premature Refractory Life by Other Parameters 445 12.1 Introduction 445 12.2 Refractory Manufacturing Defects 446 12.3 Packing and Transport 453 12.4 Procurement and Lining Failures 456 12.5 Preventive Maintenance in Operation 463 12.6 Consistent Supply and Time Management 475 12.6.1 Cycle Concept 476 12.6.2 Pull/Push Concept 476 References 477 Index 479
Subject Areas: Mechanical engineering & materials [TG]
