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Functional Materials for Sustainable Energy Applications
J A Kilner (Edited by), S J Skinner (Edited by), S J C Irvine (Edited by), P P Edwards (Edited by)
9780081016213, Elsevier Science
Paperback / softback, published 19 August 2016
708 pages
23.3 x 15.6 x 4.3 cm, 0.98 kg
Global demand for low cost, efficient and sustainable energy production is ever increasing. Driven by recent discoveries and innovation in the science and technology of materials, applications based on functional materials are becoming increasingly important. Functional materials for sustainable energy applications provides an essential guide to the development and application of these materials in sustainable energy production.
Part one reviews functional materials for solar power, including silicon-based, thin-film, and dye sensitized photovoltaic solar cells, thermophotovoltaic device modelling and photoelectrochemical cells. Part two focuses on functional materials for hydrogen production and storage. Functional materials for fuel cells are then explored in part three where developments in membranes, catalysts and membrane electrode assemblies for polymer electrolyte and direct methanol fuel cells are discussed, alongside electrolytes and ion conductors, novel cathodes, anodes, thin films and proton conductors for solid oxide fuel cells. Part four considers functional materials for demand reduction and energy storage, before the book concludes in part five with an investigation into computer simulation studies of functional materials.
With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Functional materials for sustainable energy applications is an indispensable tool for anyone involved in the research, development, manufacture and application of materials for sustainable energy production, including materials engineers, scientists and academics in the rapidly developing, interdisciplinary field of sustainable energy.
Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy Preface Part I: Functional materials for solar power Chapter 1: Silicon-based photovoltaic solar cells Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Polysilicon production 1.3 Crystallisation and wafering 1.4 Solar cells: materials issues and cell architectures 1.5 Conclusions Chapter 2: Photovoltaic (PV) thin-films for solar cells Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Amorphous silicon thin-film photovoltaic (PV) 2.3 Cadmium telluride thin-film PV 2.4 Copper indium diselenide thin-film PV 2.5 Materials sustainability 2.6 Future trends 2.7 Sources of further information and advice Chapter 3: Rapid, low-temperature processing of dye-sensitized solar cells Abstract: 3.1 Introduction to dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) 3.2 Manufacturing issues 3.3 Sensitization 3.4 Electrodes 3.5 Electrolyte 3.6 Quality control (QC)/lifetime testing 3.7 Conclusions and future trends 3.8 Acknowledgements Chapter 4: Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) devices: introduction and modelling Abstract: 4.1 Introduction to thermophotovoltaics (TPVs) 4.2 Practical TPV cell performance 4.3 Modelling TPV cells 4.4 Tandem TPV cells 4.5 Conclusions Chapter 5: Photoelectrochemical cells for hydrogen generation Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Photoelectrochemical cells: principles and energetics 5.3 Photoelectrochemical cell configurations and efficiency considerations 5.4 Semiconductor photoanodes: material challenges 5.5 Semiconductor photocathodes: material challenges 5.6 Advances in photochemical cell materials and design 5.7 Interfacial reaction kinetics 5.8 Future trends 5.9 Acknowledgements 5.11 Appendix: abbreviations Part II: Functional materials for hydrogen production and storage Chapter 6: Reversible solid oxide electrolytic cells for large-scale energy storage: challenges and opportunities Abstract: 6.1 Introduction to reversible solid oxide cells 6.2 Operating principles and functional materials 6.3 Degradation mechanisms in solid oxide electrolysis cells 6.4 Research needs and opportunities 6.5 Summary and conclusions Chapter 7: Membranes, adsorbent materials and solvent-based materials for syngas and hydrogen separation Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 H2-selective membrane materials 7.3 CO2-selective membrane materials 7.4 Adsorbent materials for H2/CO2 separation 7.5 Solvent-based materials for H2/CO2 separation 7.6 Future trends 7.7 Sources of further information and advice Chapter 8: Functional materials for hydrogen storage Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Hydrogen storage with metal hydrides: an introduction 8.3 Hydrogen storage with interstitial hydrides, AlH3 and MgH2 8.4 Hydrogen storage with complex metal hydrides 8.5 Hydrogen storage using other chemical systems 8.6 Hydrogen storage with porous materials and nanoconfined materials 8.7 Applications of hydrogen storage 8.8 Conclusions Part III: Functional materials for fuel cells Chapter 9: The role of the fuel in the operation, performance and degradation of fuel cells Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Thermodynamics of fuel cell operation and the effect of fuel on performance 9.3 Hydrocarbon fuels and fuel processing 9.4 Methanol 9.5 Other fuels 9.6 Deleterious effects of fuels on fuel cell performance 9.7 Conclusions 9.8 Acknowledgements Chapter 10: Membrane electrode assemblies for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells Abstract: 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Requirements for membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) 10.3 Porous backing layer materials 10.4 Membrane materials 10.5 MEA electrode catalyst layer 10.6 MEA performance 10.7 Conclusions Chapter 11: Developments in membranes, catalysts and membrane electrode assemblies for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) Abstract: 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Historica! development and technical challenges 11.3 Methanol oxidation reaction catalysts 11.4 Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts 11.5 Proton exchange membranes 11.6 Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) fabrication and structure 11.7 Conclusions and future trends 11.8 Acknowledgements Chapter 12: Electrolytes and ion conductors for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) Abstract: 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Oxide ion conduction 12.3 Electrolyte materials for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) 12.4 Preparation and characterization of electrolyte materials for SOFCs 12.5 Conclusions Chapter 13: Novel cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells Abstract: 13.1 Introduction 13.2 The oxygen reduction reaction in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) and implications for cathode materials 13.3 Conventional cathode materials: perovskitetype oxides 13.4 Innovative cathode materials: structural aspects of 2D non-stoichiometric perovskite-related oxides 13.5 Comparative transport properties and electrochemical performances of 2D non-stoichiometric oxides 13.6 Ln2NiO4 + ? oxides: innovative and flexible materials for air electrodes of protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) and electrolyzers 13.7 Prospective conclusions Chapter 14: Novel anode materials for solid oxide fuel cells Abstract: 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Requirements for solid oxide fuel cell anode materials 14.3 Cermet solid oxide fuel cell anode materials 14.4 Perovskite-structured solid oxide fuel cell anode materials 14.5 Other oxide anode materials 14.6 Non-oxide anode materials 14.7 Poisoning of solid oxide fuel cell anode materials 14.8 Conclusions and future trends Chapter 15: Thin-film solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) materials Abstract: 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Electrolytes 15.3 Anode materials 15.4 Cathode materials 15.5 Device structures 15.6 Conclusions 15.7 Acknowledgments 15.9 Appendix: glossary Chapter 16: Proton conductors for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) Abstract: 16.1 The proton conduction mechanism in high-temperature proton conductor (HTPC) electrolytes 16.2 Reaction processes at the electrode/electrolyte when using HTPC electrolytes 16.3 HTPC: the state of the art and challenges 16.4 Electrodes for HTPC electrolytes: the state of the art and challenges 16.5 Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) based on HTPC electrolytes: current status and future perspectives 16.6 Conclusions Part IV: Functional materials for demand reduction and energy storage Chapter 17: Materials and techniques for energy harvesting Abstract: 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Theory of motion energy harvesting 17.3 Piezoelectric harvesting 17.4 Electrostatic harvesting 17.5 Thermoelectric harvesting 17.6 Electromagnetic energy harvesting from motion 17.7 Suspension materials for motion energy harvesting Chapter 18: Lithium batteries: current technologies and future trends Abstract: 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Lithium-ion batteries 18.3 Safety of lithium-ion batteries 18.4 Energy density of lithium-ion batteries 18.5 Future trends 18.6 Acknowledgements Chapter 19: Rare-earth magnets: properties, processing and applications Abstract: 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Properties of permanent magnetic materials 19.3 Improving the properties of permanent magnetic materials 19.4 Processing of permanent magnets 19.5 Properties of commercially manufactured permanent magnets 19.6 Applications of permanent magnet materials Part V: Appendix Atomic-scale computer simulation of functional materials: methodologies and applications Index
Subject Areas: Alternative & renewable energy sources & technology [THX], Energy conversion & storage [THRH], Materials science [TGM]
