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From Plant Genomics to Plant Biotechnology
Palmiro Poltronieri (Edited by), Natalija Burbulis (Edited by), Corrado Fogher (Edited by)
9781907568299, Elsevier Science
Hardback, published 31 August 2013
274 pages
23.3 x 15.6 x 2.2 cm, 0.57 kg
With the appearance of methods for the sequencing of genomes and less expensive next generation sequencing methods, we face rapid advancements of the -omics technologies and plant biology studies: reverse and forward genetics, functional genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, the movement at distance of effectors and structural biology. From plant genomics to plant biotechnology reviews the recent advancements in the post-genomic era, discussing how different varieties respond to abiotic and biotic stresses, understanding the epigenetic control and epigenetic memory, the roles of non-coding RNAs, applicative uses of RNA silencing and RNA interference in plant physiology and in experimental transgenics and plants modified to specific aims. In the forthcoming years these advancements will support the production of plant varieties better suited to resist biotic and abiotic stresses, for food and non-food applications.
This book covers these issues, showing how such technologies are influencing the plant field in sectors such as the selection of plant varieties and plant breeding, selection of optimum agronomic traits, stress-resistant varieties, improvement of plant fitness, improving crop yield, and non-food applications in the knowledge based bio-economy.
List of figures List of tables Abbreviations About the contributors Introduction Chapter 1: From plant genomics to -omics technologies Abstract: 1.1 SuperSAGE 1.2 CAGE – cap analysis of gene expression 1.3 -Omics and new advances in plant functional genomics Chapter 2: Plant microRNAs Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Transcription of miRNA genes 2.3 MicroRNA processing 2.4 Modes of action 2.5 Evolution of miRNA genes 2.6 Differences from animal miRNAs 2.7 miRNA functions 2.8 The potential roles of microRNAs in crop improvement Chapter 3: Epigenetic control by plant Polycomb proteins: new perspectives and emerging roles in stress response Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Conserved multi-protein complexes with histone post-translational modifying activities 3.3 Polycomb functions in plant development 3.4 Non-coding RNAs as regulatory cofactors of Polycomb complexes 3.5 Emerging roles of PcG and ncRNAs in responses to environmental stress 3.6 PcG protein functions in three-dimensional nuclear organization 3.7 Perspectives: the role of Polycomb in abiotic and biotic stress response Chapter 4: Metabolite profiling for plant research Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Methodological approach 4.3 Metabolomic platform 4.4 Metabolomics in plant science 4.5 The future role of metabolomics in crop improvement 4.6 Conclusion Chapter 5: The uniqueness of conifers Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Functional differentiation 5.3 Genome structure and composition 5.4 Genome function 5.5 Chemical divergence 5.6 Meeting the challenge: the system biology approach to unraveling the conifer genome Chapter 6: Cryptochrome genes modulate global transcriptome of tomato Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Cryptochrome functions 6.3 Role of cryptochromes in mediating light-regulated gene expression in plants 6.4 Cryptochromes influence the diurnal global transcription profiles in tomato Chapter 7: Genomics of grapevine: from genomics research on model plants to crops and from science to grapevine breeding Abstract: 7.1 Use of genetic and molecular markers for studies of genetic diversity and genome selection in grapevine 7.2 Grapevine breeding 7.3 Transgene silencing 7.4 Identification and characterization of transgene insertion loci 7.5 Integration of vector backbone 7.6 Stability of inserted transgenes 7.7 Conclusions 7.8 Acknowledgement Chapter 8: Grapevine genomics and phenotypic diversity of bud sports, varieties and wild relatives Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Origin of Vitis vinifera, domestication, and early selection for fruit characters 8.3 Sources of phenotypic variation in present-day grapevines 8.4 Genomic tools in the genome sequencing era 8.5 Current activities in grapevine genome analysis 8.6 Bud organogenesis, somatic mutations, and DNA typing of somatic chimeras 8.7 Phenotypically divergent clones and the underlying DNA variation 8.8 Transposon insertion-site profiling using NGS 8.9 Large structural variation using NGS 8.10 Copy number variation, gene redundancy, and subtle specialisation in secondary metabolism 8.11 Conclusions Chapter 9: Peach ripening transcriptomics unveils new and unexpected targets for the improvement of drupe quality Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 The fruit 9.3 Peach development and ripening 9.4 Microarray Transcript Profiling in peach 9.5 New players in the control of peach ripening 9.6 Conclusions 9.7 Acknowledgements Chapter 10: Application of doubled haploid technology in breeding of Brassica napus Abstract: 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Technique of isolated microspore culture 10.3 Doubled haploid method in breeding of Brassica napus 10.4 In vitro mutagenesis 10.5 Utilization of double haploidy in selection for resistance 10.6 Selection for modified seed oil composition 10.7 Selection for improved seed meal 10.8 Selection for cold tolerance 10.9 Concluding remarks Chapter 11: Plant biodiversity and biotechnology Abstract: 11.1 Biodiversity 11.2 Biotechnology 11.3 Heat stress tolerance in cereals 11.4 Modern approaches in cereals for yield and food security under temperature stress 11.5 Future perspectives 11.6 Acknowledgment Chapter 12: Natural resveratrol bioproduction Abstract: 12.1 Stilbenes and resveratrol 12.2 Health benefits of resveratrol 12.3 trans-resveratrol production through plant cell cultures 12.4 Introducing new pathway branches to crop plants: trans-resveratrol synthesis in tomato fruits 12.5 Concluding remarks Index
Subject Areas: Pharmaceutical technology [TDCW], Biotechnology [TCB], Botany & plant sciences [PST], Molecular biology [PSD], DNA & Genome [PSAK1]
