1 Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors: Design, Progress and Challenges
Dun Lin, Xiyue Zhang, and Xihong Lu

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Configurations of AFSCs Device

1.3 Progress of Flexible AFSCs

1.3.1 Sandwich-type AFSCs

1.3.2 Fiber-type ASCs

1.4 Summary

2 Stretchable Supercapacitors
La Li and Guozhen Shen

2.1 Overview of Stretchable Supercapacitors

2.2 Fabrication of Stretchable Supercapacitors

2.2.1 Structures of Stretchable Fiber-shaped SCs

2.2.2 Planar Stretchable SCs

2.2.3 3D Stretchable SCs

2.3 Multifunctional Supercapacitor

2.3.1 Compressible SCs

2.3.2 Self-healable SCs

2.3.3 Stretchable Integrated System

2.3.4 Perspective

3 Fiber-shaped Supercapacitors
Mengmeng Hu, Qingjiang Liu, Yao Liu, Jiaqi Wang, Jie Liu, Panpan Wang, Hua Wang, and Yan Huang

Introduction

3.1 Structure of FSSCs

3.2 Electrolyte

3.3 Electrode

3.3.1 Carbon-based Materials

3.3.2 Conducting Polymers

3.3.3 Metal-based Materials

3.3.4 Mxenes

3.3.5 Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs)

3.3.6 Polyoxometalates (POMs)

3.3.7. Black Phosphorus (BP)

3.4 Electrode Design of FSSCs

3.4.1 Metal-fiber Supported Electrode

3.4.2 Carbon Materials Based Fiber Supported Electrode

3.5 Functionalized FSSCs

3.5.1 Self-healable FSSCs

3.5.2 Stretchable FSSCs

3.5.3 Electrochromic FSSCs

3.5.4 Shape-memory FSSCs

3.5.5 Photodetectable FSSCs

3.6 Conclusion

4 Flexible Fiber-shaped Supercapacitors: Fabrication, Design, and Applications
Muhammad S. Javed, Peng Sun, Muhammad Imran, and Wenjie Mai

4.1 Introduction to Fiber-shaped Supercapacitors

4.2 Emerging Techniques for the Fabrication of Fiber-shaped Electrodes

4.2.1 Wet spinning Method

4.2.2 Spray/Cast-coating Method

4.2.3 Hydrothermal Method

4.3 Structures and Design/Configuration of Fiver-shaped Electrodes

4.3.1 Parallel-fiber Electrodes

4.3.2 Twisted-fiber Electrodes

4.3.3 Coaxial-fiber Electrodes

4.3.4 Rolled-fiber Electrodes

4.4 Materials for Fiber-shaped Supercapacitors

4.4.1 Carbon-based Materials for FFSC

4.4.2 Metal Oxides and their Composite-based Materials for FFSC

4.5 Electrolytes for Fiber-shaped Supercapacitors

4.6 Performance evaluation Metrics for Fiber-shaped Supercapacitors

4.7 Applications

4.8 Conclusion and Future Prospectus

5 Flexible Supercapacitors Based on Ternary Metal Oxide (Sulfide, Selenide) Nanostructures
Qiufan Wang, Daohong Zhang, and Guozhen Shen

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1 Background of Electrochemical Capacitors

5.1.2 Performance Evaluation of SCs

5.2 Ternary Metal Oxide

5.2.1 1D Ternary Metal Oxide Nanostructural Electrodes

5.2.2 2D Ternary Metal Oxide Nanostructural Electrodes

5.2.3 3D Ternary Oxide Electrodes

5.2.4 Cire-shell Ternary Metal Oxide Composite Electrodes

5.3 Metal Sulfide Electrodes

5.3.1 1D Metal Sulfide Electrodes

5.3.2 2D Metal Sulfide Electrodes

5.3.3 3D Metal Sulfide Electrodes

5.3.4 Metal Sulfide Composite Electrodes

5.4 Metal Selenide Electrodes

5.4.1 1D Metal Selenide Electrodes

5.4.2 2D Metal Selenide Electrodes

5.4.3 3D Metal Selenide Electrodes

5.5 Fiber-shaped SCs

5.6 Summary and Perspectives

6 Transition Metal oxide-based Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors
Xiang Wu

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Co3O4 Electrode Materials

6.3 NiO Electrode Materials

6.4 Fe2O3 Electrode Materials

6.5 MnO2 Electrode Materials

6.6 V2O5 Electrode Materials

7 Three-Dimensional Nanoarrays for Flexible Supercapacitors
Jing Xu

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Fabrication of 3D Nanoarrays

7.2.1 Selection of substrates

7.2.2 Synthesis Methods of Flexible 3D Nanoarrays

7.3 Typical Structural Engineering of 3D Nanoarrays

7.3.1 Basic 3D Nanoarrays for Flexible Supercapacitors

7.3.2 Hybrid 3D Nanoarrays for Flexible Supercapacitors

7.4 Evaluation of Flexible Supercapacitors

7.4.1 Bending Deformation

7.4.2 Stretching Deformation

7.4.3 Twisting Deformation

7.5 Conclusion

8 Metal Oxides Nanoarray Electrodes for Flexible Supercapacitors
Ting Meng and Cao Guan

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Synthesis Techniques of Metal Oxide Nanoarrays

8.2.1 Solution-based Route

8.2.2 Electrodeposition Growth

8.2.3 Chemical Vapor Deposition

8.3 The Flexible Support Substrate for Loading Nanoarrays

8.3.1 3D Porous Graphene Foam

8.3.2 Carbon Cloth Current Collectors

8.3.3 Metal Conductive Substrates

8.4 The Geometry of Nanostructured Arrays

8.4.1 The 1D Nanostructured Arrays

8.4.2 The 2D Nanostructured Arrays

8.4.3 The Integration of 1D@2D Nanoarrays

8.5 Conclusions and Prospects

9 Printed Flexible Supercapacitors
Yizhou Zhang and Wen-Yong Lai

9.1 Overview of Printed Flexible Supercapacitor

9.2 Devices Structure of Printed SCs

9.3 Printable Materials for SCs

9.3.1 Carbon-based Materials

9.3.2 Electrolytes

9.3.3 Flexible substrates

9.4 Fabrication of Flexible SCs Using Various Printing Methods

9.4.1 Inkjet Printing

9.4.2 Screen Printing

9.4.3 Transfer Printing

9.4.4 3D Printing

9.5 Printed Integrated System

9.6 Perspective

10 Printing Flexible On-chip Micro-Supercapacitors
Guozhen Shen

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Printable Materials for On-chip MSCs

10.2.1 Printable Electrode Materials

10.2.2 Printable Current Collector

10.2.3 Printable Electrolyte

10.3 Printing Techniques

10.3.1 Inkjet Printing

10.3.2 Spray Printing

10.3.3 Screen Printing

10.4 Summary

11 Recent advances of flexible micro-supercapacitors
Zhiqiang Niu

11.1 Introduction

11.2 General Features of Flexible MSCs

11.3 Active Materials of Flexible MSCs

11.3.1 Graphene-based Materials

11.3.2 CNT-based Materials

11.3.3 Other Carbon-based Materials

11.3.4 Transition Metal Oxides and Hydroxides

11.3.5 MXenes

11.3.6 Conductive Polymer

11.4 Integration of Flexible MSCs

11.4.1 Flexible Self-charging MSCs

11.4.2 Flexible Self-powering MSCs

11.5 Flexible Smart MSCs

11.5.1 Flexible Self-healing MSCs

11.5.2 Flexible Electrochromic MSCs

11.5.3 Flexible Photodetectable MSCs

11.5.4 Flexible Thermoreversible Self-protecting MSCs

11.6 Summary and Prospects