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Failure Mechanisms in Polymer Matrix Composites
Criteria, Testing and Industrial Applications
Paul Robinson (Edited by), Emile Greenhalgh (Edited by), Silvestre Pinho (Edited by)
9781845697501, Elsevier Science
Hardback, published 19 January 2012
464 pages
23.3 x 15.6 x 2.9 cm, 0.86 kg
Polymer matrix composites are increasingly replacing traditional materials, such as metals, for applications in the aerospace, automotive and marine industries. Because of the relatively recent development of these composites there is extensive on-going research to improve the understanding and modelling of their behaviour – particularly their failure processes. As a consequence there is a strong demand among design engineers for the latest information on this behaviour in order to fully exploit the potential of these materials for a wide range of weight-sensitive applications. Failure mechanisms in polymer matrix composites explores the main types of composite failure and examines their implications in specific applications.Part one discusses various failure mechanisms, including a consideration of manufacturing defects and addressing a variety of loading forms such as impact and the implications for structural integrity. This part also reviews testing techniques and modelling methods for predicting potential failure in composites. Part two investigates the effects of polymer-matrix composite failure in a range of industries including aerospace, automotive and other transport, defence, marine and off-shore applications. Recycling issues and environmental factors affecting the use of composite materials are also considered.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors Failure mechanisms in polymer matrix composites is a valuable reference for designers, scientists and research and development managers working in the increasing range of industries in which composite materials are extensively used. The book will also be a useful guide for academics studying in the composites field.
Contributor contact details Part I: Failure mechanisms Chapter 1: Progress in failure criteria for polymer matrix composites: A view from the first World-Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE) Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Aims of the first World-Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE) 1.3 Setting up test problems 1.4 Description of available models 1.5 Design problems solved 1.6 Gaps identified 1.7 Current activities 1.1 Conclusions 1.2 Acknowledgements Chapter 2: Manufacturing defects as a cause of failure in polymer matrix composites Abstract: 2.1 Introduction and basic requirements 2.2 Sources of variability and defects in composite mouldings 2.3 Impact of residual stresses and geometrical distortions on performance 2.4 Impact of voidage and delaminations on inplane and out-of-plane properties 2.5 Impact of misaligned, wavy and wrinkled reinforcements on in-plane and out-of-plane properties 2.6 Approaches to minimize the impact of manufacturing defects 2.7 Future trends Chapter 3: Low- and medium-velocity impact as a cause of failure in polymer matrix composites Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Impact damage 3.3 Impact response 3.4 Strength and stability after impact 3.5 Computational models 3.6 Future trends 3.7 Sources of further information and advice Chapter 4: Structural integrity of polymer matrix composite panels in fire Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Temperature distribution 4.3 Material behavior at elevated temperature 4.4 Global buckling 4.5 Skin wrinkling of sandwich panels 4.6 Plastic micro-buckling 4.7 Other aspects of structural integrity in fire Chapter 5: Testing the toughness of polymer matrix composites Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.3 Translaminar fracture toughness testing 5.4 Ply-Level Fracture Toughness Testing 5.5 Conclusions Chapter 6: Testing the strength and stiffness of polymer matrix composites Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Key issues 6.3 In-plane testing 6.4 Out-of-plane testing 6.5 Biaxial in-plane testing 6.6 Triaxial testing 6.7 Concluding comments Chapter 7: Fibre-dominated compressive failure in polymer matrix composites Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The physics of fibre kinking in unidirectional plies 7.3 Compressive failure in two-dimensional woven composites 7.4 Compressive failure in recycled composites 7.5 Conclusions 7.6 Acknowledgement Part II: Failure mechanisms in specific applications Chapter 8: Considerations of failure mechanisms in polymer matrix composites in the design of aerospace structures Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Design considerations 8.3 Structural considerations 8.4 Designing for damage in composites 8.5 Materials-based approaches 8.6 Structures-based approaches 8.7 Conclusions Chapter 9: Failure of polymer matrix composites in defence applications Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Ballistic damage of composite structures 9.3 Implications for preventing failure 9.4 Trends in modeling composite failures in military applications Chapter 10: Failure of polymer matrix composites in marine and off-shore applications Abstract: 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Material types 10.3 Failure of composite materials for surface vessels 10.4 Failure of composite materials for underwater structures 10.5 Modelling failure 10.6 Future trends Chapter 11: Recycling issues in polymer matrix composites Abstract: 11.1 Introduction 11.2 The problems of reuse in polymer composites 11.3 Plastic waste disposal into other materials 11.4 Mechanical recycling of polymeric matrix composites 11.5 Recovery techniques 11.6 Properties of recovered fibres 11.7 Future strategies for making polymer matrix composites more recyclable 11.8 Conclusions 11.11 Appendix: abbreviations Chapter 12: Failure of polymer matrix composites (PMCs) in automotive and transportation applications Abstract: 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) used in automotive and road transportation applications 12.3 Scope of the chapter 12.4 Common in-service conditions causing failure 12.5 Sheet molding compound (SMC) composites 12.6 Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) for crashworthy structures 12.7 Implications of preventing failure 12.8 Future trends Chapter 13: Environmental induced failure in fibre-reinforced plastics Abstract: 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Chemical agents and degradation mechanisms 13.3 Environmental conditioning and testing 13.4 Modelling and predictive analysis 13.5 Optimising chemical resistance and prevention of failure 13.6 Conclusions and future trends 13.7 Sources of further information and advice 13.8 Acknowledgements 13.10 Appendix: standards Index
Subject Areas: Plastics & polymers technology [TDCP]
