PREFACE ix

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xi

PART 1 SYNTHESIS, ENVIRONMENTAL APPLICATION, DETECTION, AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES 1

1 Challenges Facing the Environmental Nanotechnology Research Enterprise 3
Stacey M. Louie, Amy L. Dale, Elizabeth A. Casman, and Gregory V. Lowry

2 Engineered Nanoparticles for Water Treatment Application 20
Jeehye Byun and Cafer T. Yavuz

3 Mass Spectrometric Methods for Investigating the Influence of Surface Chemistry on the Fate of Core–Shell Nanoparticles in Biological and Environmental Samples 31
Sukru Gokhan Elci, Alyssa L. M. Marsico, Yuqing Xing, Bo Yan, and Richard W. Vachet

4 Separation and Analysis of Nanoparticles (NP) in Aqueous Environmental Samples 53
Ralf Kaegi

5 Nanocatalysts for Groundwater Remediation 75
Kimberly N. Heck, Lori A. Pretzer, and Michael S. Wong

PART 2 ENVIRONMENTAL RELEASE, PROCESSES, AND MODELING OF ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES 93

6 Properties, Sources, Pathways, and Fate of Nanoparticles in the Environment 95
Yon Ju-Nam and Jamie Lead

7 Environmental Exposure Modeling Methods for Engineered Nanomaterials 118
Niall J. O’Brien and Enda J. Cummins

8 Aggregation Kinetics and Fractal Dimensions of Nanomaterials in Environmental Systems 139
Navid B. Saleh, A. R. M. Nabiul Afrooz, Nirupam Aich, and Jaime Plazas-Tuttle

9 Adsorption of Organic Compounds by Engineered Nanoparticles 160
Bo Pan and Baoshan Xing

10 Sorption of Heavy Metals by Engineered Nanomaterials 182
Gangfen Miao, Kun Yang, and Daohui Lin

11 Emission, Transformation, and Fate of Nanoparticles in the Atmosphere 205
Prashant Kumar and Abdullah N. Al-Dabbous

12 Nanoparticle Aggregation and Deposition in Porous Media 224
Yao Xiao and Mark R. Wiesner

13 Interfacial Charge Transfers of Surface-Modified TiO2 Nanoparticles in Photocatalytic Water Treatment 245
Hyunwoong Park

14 Chemical Transformations of Metal, Metal Oxide, and Metal Chalcogenide Nanoparticles in the Environment 261
Thomas R. Kuech, Robert J. Hamers, and Joel A. Pedersen

PART 3 TOXICITY OF ENGINEERED NANOPARTICLES AND RISK ASSESSMENT 293

15 Fate, Behavior, and Biophysical Modeling of Nanoparticles in Living Systems 295
Emppu Salonen, Feng Ding, and Pu Chun Ke

16 Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity Study in RatsWith Carbon Nanofibers: Need for Establishing a Weight-of-Evidence Approach for Setting no Observed Adverse Effect Levels (NOAELs) 314
David B. Warheit, Ken L. Reed, and Michael P. DeLorme

17 Toxicity of Manufactured Nanomaterials to Microorganisms 320
Yuan Ge, Allison M. Horst, Junyeol Kim, John H. Priester, Zoe S. Welch, and Patricia A. Holden

18 Toxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles to Fish 347
Wei Liu, Yanmin Long, Nuoya Yin, Xingchen Zhao, Cheng Sun, Qunfang Zhou, and Guibin Jiang

19 Toxicity of Engineered Nanoparticles to Aquatic Invertebrates 367
Denisa Cupi, Sara N. Sørensen, Lars M. Skjolding, and Anders Baun

20 Effects and Uptake of Nanoparticles in Plants 386
Arnab Mukherjee, Jose R. Peralta-Videa, Jorge Gardea-Torresdey, and Jason C. White

21 Feasibility and Challenges of Human Health Risk Assessment for Engineered Nanomaterials 409
Karin Aschberger, Frans M. Christensen, Kirsten Rasmussen, and Keld A. Jensen

22 Ecotoxicological Risk of Engineered Nanomaterials (ENMs) for the Health of the Marine Environment 442
Xiaoshan Zhu, Shengyan Tian, Chao Wang, Lihong Zhao, Jin Zhou, and Zhonghua Cai

INDEX 475