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Elements of Aerodynamics
A Concise Introduction to Physical Concepts

Oscar Biblarz (Author)

9781119779971, Wiley

Hardback, published 4 November 2022

208 pages
25.4 x 17.8 x 1.5 cm, 0.726 kg

ELEMENTS OF AERODYNAMICS

A comprehensive and highly accessible hands-on textbook filled with chapter objectives, examples, practice problems, and sample tests, featuring a new, dedicated online aero-calculator

In Elements of Aerodynamics, Professor Oscar Biblarz delivers a concise and fundamentals-oriented approach to aerodynamics suitable for both undergraduate and graduate-level students. The text offers numerous problems, examples, and check tests, allowing students to gain and cement their knowledge through hands-on practice.

Using a unique blend of fundamentals, the book provides readers with a new approach to ideal high-lift airfoils including applications designed to complement the theory. It covers the most vital information on incompressible and compressible flow over two-dimensional and three-dimensional wings. A companion website that includes an interactive aero-calculator and additional student resources makes this a suitable text for online, hybrid, and distance learning.

Readers will also find:

  • A concise introduction to units and notation with more correct formulations of the force coefficients along with proper usage of other dimensionless coefficients in aerodynamics, featuring descriptions of airflow as an incompressible and compressible but low-viscosity medium past streamlined wings
  • Comprehensive re-evaluation of the fundamentals of fluid dynamics, including the differential control volume approach and formulation of lift, drag, and pitching moments for thin, attached boundary layers over slender wings at high angles of attack
  • Practical applications of mass, momentum, and energy relations, derived from Euler’s equation, Bernoulli’s equation, and the Kutta-Joukowski theorem
  • Selected special treatment of transonic and hypersonic aerodynamic aspects, including supercritical airfoils, the non-linear small perturbation potential equation, and hypersonic lift and drag with the Newtonian theory approximation

Well-suited for students enrolled in an introductory aerodynamics course as part of an engineering program, Elements of Aerodynamics will also earn a place in the libraries of physics students and those interested in basic fluid mechanics.

Preface ix

To the Student xi

About the Companion Website xiii

1 Introduction and Approach 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Necessary Assumptions 2

1.3 Units 2

1.4 Equation of State and Fluid Properties 4

1.5 Other Concepts 10

Review Questions 11

Problems 13

Glossary of Terms and Symbols 14

2 Fluid Dynamic Fundamentals 17

2.1 Introduction 17

2.2 Objectives 17

2.3 Control Volume Approach 18

2.4 Lift, Drag, and Pitching Moment 22

2.5 Dimensional Analysis 22

2.6 Small Perturbation Theory in Steady Compressible Flows 29

2.7 Summary 31

Problems 32

Check Test 33

3 Dynamics of Incompressible Flows 35

3.1 Introduction 35

3.2 Objectives 35

3.3 Elementary Flows 36

3.4 Circulation 39

3.5 Superposition of Elementary Flows 41

3.6 Theorems of Helmholtz and Kelvin 42

3.7 Real Flows 43

3.8 Summary 44

Problems 45

Check Test 45

4 Mass, Momentum, and Energy Principles 47

4.1 Introduction 47

4.2 Objectives 47

4.3 Bernoulli’s Equation 47

4.4 Airspeed Indicator 49

4.5 Kutta–Joukowski Theorem 50

4.6 Pressure–Energy Equation 52

4.7 Enrichment Topics 53

4.8 Summary 56

Problems 57

Check Test 58

5 Thin Airfoils in Two-Dimensional Incompressible Flow 59

5.1 Introduction 59

5.2 Objectives 60

5.3 The Vortex Filament 60

5.4 Thin Airfoil Theory in Incompressible Flow 60

5.5 Symmetric Contribution at Angle of Attack 62

5.6 Camber Contribution at Zero Angle of Attack 66

5.7 Flapped Symmetric Airfoil at Zero Angle of Attack 68

5.8 Enrichment Topics 70

5.9 Summary 71

Problems 71

Check Test 73

6 Thin Wings of Finite Span in Incompressible Flow 75

6.1 Introduction 75

6.2 Objectives 75

6.3 Lifting Line Theory 76

6.4 Downwash Velocity and Elliptic Spanwise Lift Distribution 76

6.5 Experimental Verification Using Drag Polars 80

6.6 Non-elliptic Planforms and Twist 81

6.7 Effects of Lifting Line Theory on Airplane Performance 82

6.8 Enrichment Topics 84

6.9 Summary 86

Problems 87

Check Test 88

7 Viscous Boundary Layers 89

7.1 Introduction 89

7.2 Objectives 89

7.3 The Boundary Layer Concept 90

7.4 Contributions to Drag 91

7.5 Skin-Friction Drag on Airfoils 92

7.6 Approximate Viscous Boundary Layer Profiles 96

7.7 Enrichment Topics 99

7.8 Summary 100

Problems 101

Check Test 102

8 Fundamentals of Compressible Flow 103

8.1 Introduction 103

8.2 Objectives 103

8.3 Speed of Sound and Mach Waves 104

8.4 Steady-State Isentropic Flow 105

8.5 Supersonic Flows 106

8.6 Critical Mach Number 112

8.7 Supersonic Flat-plate Airfoils 114

8.8 Enrichment Topic 116

8.9 Summary 117

Problems 118

Check Test 119

9 Thin Airfoils in Compressible Flow 121

9.1 Introduction 121

9.2 Objectives 121

9.3 Two-Dimensional Compressible Flow Around Thin Airfoils 122

9.4 The Mach Number Dependence 125

9.5 Supersonic Airfoils 129

9.6 Aircraft Wings in Compressible Flow 132

9.7 Enrichment Topic 134

9.8 Summary 135

Problems 136

Check Test 138

10 Transonic and Hypersonic Aerodynamics 139

10.1 Introduction 139

10.2 Objectives 139

10.3 Transonic Flow 140

10.4 Thick Airfoils for High Subsonic and Transonic Flight 144

10.5 Hypersonic Flow 145

10.6 Enrichment Topics 150

10.7 Summary 152

Problems 152

Check Test 153

11 High-Lift Airfoils in Incompressible Flow 155

11.1 Introduction and Approach 155

11.2 Objectives 156

11.3 Nonlinear Thin Airfoil Theory 156

11.4 Pitching Moment at c/4 and the Aerodynamic Center 162

11.5 High-Lift Wing Mechanisms 163

11.6 Finite Wings 166

11.7 Enrichment Topics 166

11.8 Recapitulation 170

Problems 171

Check Test 172

Appendix A Standard Atmosphere SI Units 173

Appendix B Software 175

Appendix C Equations for Chapters 5 and 6 179

Selected References 181

Answers to Selected Problems 183

Index 187

Subject Areas: Mechanical engineering & materials [TG]

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