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Design, Control, and Application of Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Transmission Systems
Kamran Sharifabadi (Author), Lennart Harnefors (Author), Hans-Peter Nee (Author), Staffan Norrga (Author), Remus Teodorescu (Author)
9781118851562, Wiley
Hardback, published 21 October 2016
416 pages
24.4 x 17.8 x 3 cm, 0.839 kg
Design, Control and Application of Modular Multilevel Converters for HVDC Transmission Systems is a comprehensive guide to semiconductor technologies applicable for MMC design, component sizing control, modulation, and application of the MMC technology for HVDC transmission. Separated into three distinct parts, the first offers an overview of MMC technology, including information on converter component sizing, Control and Communication, Protection and Fault Management, and Generic Modelling and Simulation. The second covers the applications of MMC in offshore WPP, including planning, technical and economic requirements and optimization options, fault management, dynamic and transient stability. Finally, the third chapter explores the applications of MMC in HVDC transmission and Multi Terminal configurations, including Supergrids. Key features: This book provides essential reading for graduate students and researchers, as well as field engineers and professionals who require an in-depth understanding of MMC technology.
Preface xiii Acknowledgements xv About the Companion Website xvii Nomenclature xix Introduction 1 1 Introduction to Modular Multilevel Converters 7 1.1 Introduction 7 1.2 The Two-Level Voltage Source Converter 9 1.3 Benefits of Multilevel Converters 15 1.4 Early Multilevel Converters 17 1.5 Cascaded Multilevel Converters 23 1.6 Summary 57 References 58 2 Main-Circuit Design 60 2.1 Introduction 60 2.2 Properties and Design Choices of Power Semiconductor Devices for High-Power Applications 61 2.3 Medium-Voltage Capacitors for Submodules 92 2.4 Arm Inductors 96 2.5 Submodule Configurations 98 2.6 Choice of Main-Circuit Parameters 112 2.7 Handling of Redundant and Faulty Submodules 118 2.8 Auxiliary Power Supplies for Submodules 121 2.9 Start-Up Procedures 126 2.10 Summary 126 References 127 3 Dynamics and Control 133 3.1 Introduction 133 3.2 Fundamentals 134 3.3 Converter Operating Principle and Averaged Dynamic Model 137 3.4 Per-Phase Output-Current Control 148 3.5 Arm-Balancing (Internal) Control 161 3.6 Three-Phase Systems 175 3.7 Vector Output-Current Control 184 3.8 Higher-Level Control 192 3.9 Control Architectures 207 3.10 Summary 212 References 212 4 Control under Unbalanced Grid Conditions 214 4.1 Introduction 214 4.2 Grid Requirements 214 4.3 Shortcomings of Conventional Vector Control 215 4.4 Positive/Negative-Sequence Extraction 219 4.5 Injection Reference Strategy 223 4.6 Component-Based Vector Output-Current Control 226 4.7 Summary 228 References 231 5 Modulation and Submodule Energy Balancing 232 5.1 Introduction 232 5.2 Fundamentals of Pulse-Width Modulation 233 5.3 Carrier-Based Modulation Methods 236 5.4 Multilevel Carrier-Based Modulation 243 5.5 Nearest-Level Control 252 5.6 Submodule Energy Balancing Methods 256 5.7 Summary 270 References 271 6 Modeling and Simulation 272 6.1 Introduction 272 6.2 Leg-Level Averaged (LLA) Model 274 6.3 Arm-Level Averaged (ALA) Model 275 6.4 Submodule-Level Averaged (SLA) Model 278 6.5 Submodule-Level Switched (SLS) Model 280 6.6 Summary 281 References 282 7 Design and Optimization of MMC-HVDC Schemes for Offshore Wind-Power Plant Application 283 7.1 Introduction 283 7.2 The Influence of Regulatory Frameworks on the Development Strategies for Offshore HVDC Schemes 284 7.3 Impact of Regulatory Frameworks on the Functional Requirements and Design of Offshore HVDC Terminals 286 7.4 Components of an Offshore MMC-HVDC Converter 287 7.5 Offshore Platform Concepts 294 7.6 Onshore HVDC Converter 295 7.7 Recommended System Studies for the Development and Integration of an Offshore HVDC Link to a WPP 298 7.8 Summary 303 References 303 8 MMC-HVDC Standards and Commissioning Procedures 305 8.1 Introduction 305 8.2 CIGRE and IEC Activities for the Standardization of MMC-HVDC Technology 306 8.3 MMC-HVDC Commissioning and Factory and Site Acceptance Tests 309 8.4 Summary 317 References 317 9 Control and Protection of MMC-HVDC under AC and DC Network Fault Contingencies 318 9.1 Introduction 318 9.2 Two-Level VSC-HVDC Fault Characteristics under Unbalanced AC Network Contingency 319 9.3 MMC-HVDC Fault Characteristics under Unbalanced AC Network Contingency 322 9.4 dc Pole-to-Ground Short-Circuit Fault Characteristics of the Half-Bridge Mmc-hvdc 325 9.5 MMC-HVDC Component Failures 327 9.6 MMC-HVDC Protection Systems 329 9.7 Summary 333 References 334 10 MMC-HVDC Transmission Technology and MTDC Networks 336 10.1 Introduction 336 10.2 LCC-HVDC Transmission Technology 336 10.3 Two-Level VSC-HVDC Transmission Technology 338 10.4 Modular Multilevel HVDC Transmission Technology 339 10.5 The European HVDC Projects and MTDC Network Perspectives 343 10.6 Multi-Terminal HVDC Configurations 345 10.7 dc Load Flow Control in MTdc Networks 348 10.8 dc Grid Control Strategies 349 10.9 dc Fault Detection and Protection in MTdc Networks 355 10.10 Fault-Detection Methods in MTDC 357 10.11 dc Circuit Breaker Technologies 362 10.12 Fault-Current Limiters 367 10.13 The Influence of Grounding Strategy on Fault Currents 369 10.14 dc Supergrids of the Future 370 10.15 Summary 371 References 371 Index 373
Subject Areas: Electronics & communications engineering [TJ]
