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Cyber-physical Resilience of Inverter-interfaced Power Grids
Attack, Defense, and Operation

Jiazuo Hou (Author), Shunbo Lei (Author), Wei Sun (Author), Francis Y. Hou (Author)

9781394397181, Wiley

Hardback, published 10 July 2026

272 pages
22.9 x 15.2 x 1.8 cm, 0.491 kg

Presents cybersecurity practices for inverter-interfaced power grids

Cyber-physical Resilience of Inverter-interfaced Power Grids delivers a comprehensive and systematic introduction to the cyber-physical resilience of inverter-interfaced power grids against cyber-attack incidents, covering three closely related and critical problems in the field: attack situation awareness, defense resource allocation, and operation region characterization.

Related state-of-the-art methods are introduced and illustrated in detail with hands-on examples so that readers can learn how to use them to address realistic problems and improve today’s practices. This book also includes information on:

  • Catastrophic cyber-vulnerabilities that contribute to tiny-attack-high-impact phenomena in inverter-interfaced power grids, helping readers quantify attack-induced losses in grid security, stability, and efficiency
  • Spatial-temporal defense strategies with not only event-triggered responses as attacks unfold over time but also collaborative mechanisms as attacks spread across regions, yielding cost-benefit trade-off for conflicting cyber-stakeholders
  • Geometrical properties of cyber insecurity regions and physical security regions, particularly in the context of the paradigm shift of cyber-physical resilience towards inverter-interfaced power grids

This book contains the latest knowledge on the subject for academics in the fields of cyber-physical systems, renewable energy integration, and power systems engineering, power grid operators, cybersecurity professionals within the energy sector, and policy-makers responsible for regulatory frameworks on cybersecurity.

About the Authors xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgments xix
About the Companion Website xxi

1 Introduction 1
1.1 Renewable-intensive Power Grids 1
1.2 Cyber and Physical Resilience 3
1.3 Focus of This Book 10
1.4 Summary 11

Part I Attack Situation Awareness 15

2 Attack-induced Butterfly Effect: Infinitesimal-attack-high-impact Phenomena in Power Delivery Systems 17
2.1 Small-perturbation-high-impact Phenomena 17
2.2 Hierarchical Control of Power Delivery Systems 19
2.3 Heterogeneous Equilibrium Points Under Attacks 23
2.4 Attack-induced Butterfly Effect 31
2.5 Case Studies 34
2.6 Summary and Conclusions 39

3 Multi-objective Attacker: Power Grid Stability and Efficiency Under Stealthy Cyberattacks 43
3.1 Power Grid Influenced by Stealthy Cyberattacks 43
3.2 Cyber Threat Modeling 45
3.3 Stealthy Attacks on Two-area Power Grids 48
3.4 Stealthy Attacks on General Power Grids 54
3.5 Case Studies 60
3.6 Summary and Conclusions 67

Part II Defense Source Allocation 73

4 Event-triggered Defender: Cybersecurity Evaluation and Enhancement for Multi-infeed Direct-current Power Grids 75
4.1 Enhancing Cybersecurity for Multi-infeed Direct-current Power Grids 75
4.2 Cyber-physical Property of Multi-infeed Direct-current Power Grids 77
4.3 Cross-timescale Cybersecurity Evaluation Model 82
4.4 Event-triggered Cybersecurity Enhancement Against Unfolding Attacks 85
4.5 Case Studies 89
4.6 Summary and Conclusions 94

5 Cross-regional Defender: Innate Cyber-immunity and Acquired Cyber-immunity for Power Subnetworks 101
5.1 Biological Immunity and Cyber-physical Immunity 101
5.2 Cyberdefense in Power Engineering and Organism-defense in Biological Science 103
5.3 Innate Cyber-immunity Characterization 105
5.4 Acquired Cyber-immunity Establishment 108
5.5 Bioinspired Cyber-immune Framework 116
5.6 Case Studies 119
5.7 Summary and Conclusions 124

6 Cost-effective Defender: Cybersecurity Cost-benefit Trade-off for Alternating-current/Direct-current Power Grids 131
6.1 Cost and Benefit of Power Grid Cybersecurity 131
6.2 Cyber-physical Property of AC/DC Power Grids 133
6.3 Spatial-temporal Dual Cyberattack Evaluation Model 135
6.4 Cost-effective Cyberdefense Strategy with Conflicting Interests 138
6.5 Case Studies 144
6.6 Summary and Conclusions 150

Part III Operation Region Characterization 155

7 Cyber Insecurity Region: Minimizing Attack-induced Region and Maximizing Cybersecurity Margin 157
7.1 Preventive and Corrective Cybersecurity 157
7.2 Preventive Cyberdefense to Minimize Attack-induced Region 159
7.3 Corrective Cyberdefense to Maximize Cybersecurity Margin 168
7.4 Case Studies 171
7.5 Summary and Conclusions 176

8 Physical Security Region: Existence, Expansion, and Application of Inverter-interfaced Power Grids 183
8.1 Security of Legacy and Modern Power Grids 183
8.2 Security Region and Solvability Region 186
8.3 Existence of Security Region 189
8.4 Expansion of Security Region 194
8.5 Inverter-security-constrained Optimal Power Flow 202
8.6 Case Studies 205
8.7 Summary and Conclusions 210

9 Cybersecurity Paradigm Shift: From Synchronous Machine-based Power Grids to Power Electronics-dominated Power Grids 217
9.1 Cyber Resilience of Grid-tied Converters 217
9.2 Cyber Resilience of Power Generation 219
9.3 Cyber Resilience of Power Transmission 222
9.4 Cyber Resilience of Power Prosumption 225
9.5 Cyber Resilience of ESSs 230
9.6 Summary and Conclusions 232

References 233
Index 245

Subject Areas: Electronics & communications engineering [TJ]
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