Corruption, Protection and Justice in Medieval Europe
A Thousand-Year History

Argues for continuity in corrupt practices of justice and protection between 750 and 1800 by analyzing the position of advocate.

Jonathan R. Lyon (Author)

9781316513743, Cambridge University Press

Hardback, published 24 November 2022

432 pages
23.6 x 15.8 x 2.8 cm, 0.77 kg

'As impressive in its chronological range as it is penetrating in its observations and thought-provoking in its conclusions, Jonathan Lyon's book will be required reading for anyone interested in how the exercise of power worked on the ground: in the localities, towns and villages of medieval and early modern Europe. A remarkable achievement and a pleasure to read!' Björn Weiler, Aberystwyth University

What was an “advocate” (Latin: advocatus; German: Vogt) in the Middle Ages? What responsibilities came with the position and how did they change over time? With this groundbreaking study, Jonathan R. Lyon challenges the standard narrative of a “medieval” Europe of feudalism and lordship being replaced by a “modern” Europe of government, bureaucracy and the state. By focusing on the position of advocate, he argues for continuity in corrupt practices of justice and protection between 750 and 1800. This book traces the development of the role of church advocate from the Carolingian period onward and explains why this position became associated with the violent abuse of power on churches' estates. When other types of advocates became common in and around Germany after 1250, including territorial and urban advocates, they were not officeholders in developing bureaucracies. Instead, they used similar practices to church advocates to profit illicitly from their positions, which calls into question scholarly arguments about the decline of violent lordship and the rise of governmental accountability in European history.

Introduction
1. The First 'Medieval' Advocates
2. Putting Down Roots in Ninth-Century Francia
3. The 'Aristocratization' of Post-Carolingian Advocacy
4. Elite Competition at the Turn of the First Millennium
5. The Limits of Church Reform
6. Pigs and Sheep, Beer and Wine, Pennies and Pounds
7. A History of Violence
8. Weapons of the Not-so-Weak
9. The Murder of Archbishop Engelbert
10. Widening the Lens
11. The Emperor as Vogt, ca. 1000–1500
12. From Lordship to Government?
13. Reframing the History of Violence
14. Crossing the False Divide: Advocates after 1500
15. A Cultural History of the Rapacious Advocate, or: William Tell's Revenge
Conclusion.

Subject Areas: European history [HBJD]