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Characterization of Biomaterials
M Jaffe (Edited by), W. Hammond (Edited by), P Tolias (Edited by), T Arinzeh (Edited by)
9780081016244, Elsevier Science
Paperback / softback, published 19 August 2016
334 pages
23.4 x 15.6 x 2.2 cm, 0.48 kg
"...a collection of topics fundamental for the characterization of biomaterials, contributed by the experts in the respective fields...very well-written and useful overview, suitable for specialists as well as researchers new to the field." --Biomat.net, March 2013 "A brief, yet very well-written and useful overview, suitable for specialists as well as researchers new to the field." --Dr. Aleksandr Ovsianikov, The Biomaterials Network.
Biomaterials and medical devices must be rigorously tested in the laboratory before they can be implanted. Testing requires the right analytical techniques. Characterization of biomaterials reviews the latest methods for analyzing the structure, properties and behaviour of biomaterials.
Beginning with an introduction to microscopy techniques for analyzing the phase nature and morphology of biomaterials, Characterization of biomaterials goes on to discuss scattering techniques for structural analysis, quantitative assays for measuring cell adhesion, motility and differentiation, and the evaluation of cell infiltration and tissue formation using bioreactors. Further topics considered include studying molecular-scale protein-surface interactions in biomaterials, analysis of the cellular genome and abnormalities, and the use of microarrays to measure cellular changes induced by biomaterials. Finally, the book concludes by outlining standards and methods for assessing the safety and biocompatibility of biomaterials.
With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Characterization of biomaterials is an authoritative reference tool for all those involved in the development, production and application of biomaterials.
Contributor contact details Woodhead Publishing Series in Textiles Chapter 1: Microscopy techniques for analyzing the phase nature and morphology of biomaterials Abstract: 1 Introduction: basic imaging concepts 1.2 Image perception and interpretation 1.3 Light microscopy 1.4 Laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) 1.5 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 1.6 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) Chapter 2: Scattering techniques for structural analysis of biomaterials Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Light scattering 2.3 Wide-angle X-ray diffraction 2.4 Measuring orientation using X-ray diffraction 2.5 Small-angle scattering techniques 2.6 Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) 2.7 Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) 2.8 Acknowledgment Chapter 3: Quantitative assays for measuring cell adhesion and motility in biomaterials Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Cell attachment assays 3.3 Cell adhesion strength 3.4 Collective motility of cell populations 3.5 Individual cell motility 3.6 Conclusion and future trends Chapter 4: Assays for determining cell differentiation in biomaterials Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) assays 4.3 Protein and chemical assays 4.4 Imaging assays 4.5 Future trends Chapter 5: Bioreactors for evaluating cell infiltration and tissue formation in biomaterials Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Bioreactor designs 5.3 Evaluation of cell infiltration and cell seeding 5.4 Evaluation of tissue formation 5.5 Importance of computational fluid mechanics in modeling, imaging, and simulation of the bioreactors 5.6 Failure of bioreactors 5.7 Future trends 5.8 Conclusion 5.9 Sources of further information and advice Chapter 6: Studying molecular-scale protein–surface interactions in biomaterials Abstract: 6.1 Introduction: surface-induced thrombosis on artificial surfaces 6.2 Process and changes during protein adsorption 6.3 Factors affecting protein adsorption 6.4 Models of protein adsorption and adsorption isotherms 6.5 Protein adsorption kinetics 6.6 The Vroman effect 6.7 Structure and functions of fibrinogen 6.8 Intermolecular forces and interactions 6.9 Adsorption profile and interfacial kinetics 6.10 Competitive adsorption 6.11 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) 6.12 Interfacial properties of fibrinogen studied by AFM 6.13 Future trends 6.14 Conclusion Chapter 7: Assessing the mutagenic effects of biomaterials: analyzing the cellular genome and abnormalities Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 DNA structure 7.3 Genetic mutations 7.4 Cytogenetic mutations 7.5 Types of mutations that can occur at the chromosomal level 7.6 Methods of detection of cytogenetic mutations 7.7 Analyzing genomic organization and variations in genomic copy number 7.8 Copy number variations (CNVs) 7.9 Epigenetic effects on the genome 7.10 Effects of biomaterials on mutagenesis 7.11 Conclusion Chapter 8: Using microarrays to measure cellular changes induced by biomaterials Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 What do we measure? 8.3 Normalization 8.4 Analysis 8.5 Conclusion Chapter 9: Standards and methods for assessing the safety and biocompatibility of biomaterials Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Regulatory definition of medical devices 9.3 International Standards Organization (ISO) regulation and guidance 9.4 United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation and guidance 9.5 Regulation and guidance in Japan and other countries 9.6 Biological tests 9.7 Phasing (timing) of non-clinical testing of medical devices Index
Subject Areas: Materials science [TGM], Biotechnology [TCB], Biomedical engineering [MQW]
