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Biocomposite Materials for Wastewater Remediation
Preparation, Properties, and Applications

Rachid Bouhfid (Edited by), R Bouhfid (Author), Nadia Zari (Edited by), Abou el kacem Qaiss (Edited by)

9781394246458, Wiley

Hardback, published 21 May 2026

592 pages
22.9 x 15.2 x 3.1 cm, 1.043 kg

Explores biocomposite materials for sustainable wastewater treatment and advanced environmental applications

The growing demand for sustainable, efficient, and cost-effective wastewater treatment solutions underscores the importance of biocomposite materials as a next-generation technology. Derived from renewable resources and enhanced with nanomaterials or functional additives, biocomposites combine biodegradability, affordability, and high performance in removing contaminants such as dyes, heavy metals, organic compounds, and pathogens.

Biocomposite Materials for Wastewater Remediation: Preparation, Properties, and Applications examines how biocomposite materials are designed and optimized as adsorbents, photocatalysts, and membranes for diverse water treatment scenarios. With contributions from global experts across chemistry, materials science, and environmental engineering, the text addresses both the technical and practical aspects of biocomposites, including physicochemical and mechanical properties, treatment mechanisms, and scalability. In-depth chapters also review major challenges—such as durability, reusability, and integration into industrial wastewater systems—while highlighting strategies to overcome current limitations.

Illuminating the current state of the field and pointing to future directions in sustainable water treatment, this book:

  • Covers the synthesis, modification, and functionalization of bio-based composites for water remediation
  • Provides detailed characterization techniques for assessing structural, mechanical, and adsorption properties
  • Reviews the comparative advantages of biocomposites versus conventional treatment materials
  • Features real-world case studies addressing performance gaps and scaling challenges
  • Discusses potential for industrial deployment and long-term environmental benefits

Emphasizing the vital role of biocomposites in the evolving toolkit for addressing water pollution, this title is an essential reference for graduate and postgraduate students in environmental science, chemical engineering, and materials science, particularly in courses such as Environmental Remediation Technologies, Polymer Composites, and Water Treatment Engineering. It is also a valuable resource for wastewater engineers, polymer chemists, and effluent treatment plant specialists.

List of Contributors xix

Preface xxv

1 Natural-Fiber-Based Biocomposites for Wastewater Treatment 1
Soulaima Chkirida and Rachid Bouhfid

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Overview of Natural Fibers 2

1.3 Natural-Fiber-Based Biocomposites 10

1.4 Application of Natural-Fiber-Based Biocomposites in Wastewater Treatment 11

1.5 Sustainability Assessment and Life Cycle Assessment 18

1.6 Research Gaps and Areas for Improvement 19

1.7 Conclusion 21

References 22

2 Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan Biopolymer Material for Application in Wastewater Treatment via Adsorption 27
Zeynep Ciğeroğlu, Noureddine El Messaoudi, Youssef Miyah, Zeynep Mine Şenol, Yaser Açıkbaş, Abdelaziz El Mouden, and Abdellah Lacherai

2.1 Introduction 27

2.2 Synthesis of Chitosan Biopolymer 30

2.3 Characterization and Mechanical Proprieties of Chitosan Biopolymer 37

2.4 Wastewater Treatment Application via Adsorption 42

2.5 Conclusion 52

References 52

3 Cellulose Nanomaterials: From Extraction to Wastewater Remediation 67
Nusrat Zahan Ramesha, Abdullah Al Jobair, and Md Enamul Hoque

3.1 Introduction 67

3.2 Cellulose Nanomaterials 68

3.3 Extraction of Cellulose Nanomaterials 73

3.4 Properties of Cellulose Nanomaterials 82

3.5 Cellulose Nanomaterials for Wastewater Remediation 84

3.6 Challenges and Opportunities Associated with CN 99

3.7 Environmental Impacts 100

3.8 Conclusions and Future Prospects 101

References 102

4 Biochar-Based Biocomposites for Wastewater Treatment 121
Aziz Ihammi, Nadia Zari, and Rachid Bouhfid

4.1 Introduction 121

4.2 Wastewater and Wastewater Treatment 122

4.3 Biochar: Definition and Properties 123

4.4 Methods of Biochar Production 124

4.5 Biochar Biocomposites Application in Wastewater Treatment 129

4.6 Removal of Contaminants from Wastewater by Biochar-Based Biocomposites 132

4.7 Factors Affecting the Adsorption Performance of Biochar Biocomposites 137

4.8 Challenges and Limitations 139

4.9 Conclusion 140

References 141

5 Lignin Valorization as Biopolymer in Wastewater Treatment 151
Brener Felipe Melo Lima Gomes, André Luís Rossoni Ferreira, and Leandro Vinícius Alves Gurgel

5.1 Introduction 151

5.2 Lignin Structure and Characteristics 152

5.3 Lignin-Based Materials for Removal of Pollutants from Wastewater 154

5.4 Technology Readiness Level and Techno-Economic Implications of Producing Activated Carbon from Lignin 163

5.5 Research Opportunities and Future Perspectives 165

References 166

6 Alginate-TiO 2 Composite: Formulation and Optimization for Wastewater Treatment 173
Sadia Khalid, Anca Mazare, and Amara Nasir

6.1 Introduction 173

6.2 Alginate-Based Nano-Biosorbents (ANBs) 177

6.3 Alginate-TiO 2 Composites (ATCs): Design and Application 180

6.4 Limitations and Stability Concerns of ATCs 188

6.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 189

References 190

7 Cellulose Nanocrystalline Biocomposites Applications in Wastewater Treatment 199
Sadia Khalid, Asiya Gul, and Tania Ali

7.1 Introduction 199

7.2 Nanocellulose 200

7.3 Wastewater Treatment by Nanocellulose Biocomposites 209

7.4 Challenges and Limitations 218

7.5 Conclusion and Future Perspectives 219

References 220

8 Graphene Bionanocomposites: Preparation and Applications in Wastewater Remediation 231
P. K. Praseetha, R. Shalini, K. Ravichandran, M. Varshini, A. Viji, and A. R. Umayal Sundari

8.1 Introduction 231

8.2 Preparation Methods 235

8.3 Graphene Bionanocomposites Applications in Wastewater Treatment 247

References 251

9 Lignocellulosic Biocomposite Adsorbents for Removal of Pollutants from Urban Waste 255
Fanqing Meng, Yinglong Wang, Hongwei Xu, Xiaxia Chen, Chao Liu, Ranran Wei, Xiaoying Zhang, and Xuewen Wei

9.1 Introduction 255

9.2 Application and Mechanism Study of Composite Materials in Wastewater Treatment 260

9.3 Conclusion 283

References 284

10 Magnetic Biocomposites for Wastewater Remediation 287
Feihu Li and Mengyu Ma

10.1 Introduction 287

10.2 Magnetic Biocomposite: Synthesis Strategy and Characterization Methodology 288

10.3 Approaches to Evaluate the Performance of Magnetic Biocomposites 294

10.4 Applications in Wastewater Remediation 298

10.5 Conclusions 308

References 308

11 Alginate Biocomposite Materials: Development and Application in Wastewater Treatment 319
Congfei Yao, Junkai Zhang, Yilei Ding, and Chunguang Chen

11.1 Introduction 319

11.2 Modification and Preparation of Alginate Biocomposites 322

11.3 Application of Alginate Biocomposites in Wastewater Treatment 326

11.4 Conclusion and Prospects 340

References 342

12 Chitosan/Clay Membranes for Heavy Metals Removal 351
Ismaila Olalekan Saheed and Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah

12.1 Introduction 351

12.2 Chitosan/Clay Membrane 364

12.3 Application of Chitosan/Clay Membranes for Heavy Metals Removal 368

12.4 Conclusion 369

References 370

13 Cellulose-Based Composite Membranes for Pollutants Elimination 379
Abdelhay El Amri, Nadia Zari, and Rachid Bouhfid

13.1 Introduction 379

13.2 Cellulose: Structure and Surface Chemistry 380

13.3 Microfibrillated Cellulose (MFC) and Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNCs) 382

13.4 Chemical Surface Modifications of Nanocellulose 384

13.5 The Use of Nanocellulose as a Membrane Material 390

13.6 Potential of Nanocellulose-Based Membranes in Large-Scale Water Treatment 400

13.7 Challenges and Prospects for Nanocellulose-Based Membrane 402

13.8 Conclusion and Outlook 404

References 405

14 Alginate Nanocomposite Membranes for Wastewater Treatment 411
Vandana Patyal, Prashant Mahajan, and Dipika Jaspal

14.1 Introduction of Alginate 411

14.2 Synthesis of Alginate Membranes 413

14.3 Wastewater Treatment 414

14.4 Conclusion 426

References 426

15 Photocatalytic Photothermal Membranes for Microbial Wastewater Remediation 433
Laila Noureen, Nadeem Muhammad, Noureddine El Messaoudi, Bushra Iqbal, and Muhammad Tayyab

15.1 Introduction 433

15.2 Types of Photocatalytic Photothermal Membranes 436

15.3 Factors Effecting Efficiency of Photocatalytic Photothermal Membranes 439

15.4 Applications of Photocatalytic Photothermal Membranes 442

15.5 Conclusion and Outlook 446

References 447

16 Nanocellulose Biocomposite Membranes for Wastewater Treatment 453
Subhrata Dutta, Sathish Kumar Palaniappan, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, and Suchart Siengchin

16.1 Introduction 453

16.2 Characteristics and Classification of Nanocellulose 454

16.3 Membrane Fabrication Techniques 457

16.4 Applications in Wastewater Treatment 459

16.5 Environmental Impact 462

16.6 Conclusions 463

References 463

17 Wastewater Treatment Plants Based on Biocomposite Materials 469
Abdeladim Oulguidoum, Rachid Bouhfid, and Nadia Zari

17.1 Introduction 469

17.2 Global Water Crisis and Wastewater Management 470

17.3 Biocomposite Materials in the Management of Wastewater 478

17.4 Conclusion, Challenges, and Future Recommendations 491

References 492

18 Biocomposites for Wastewater Remediation: Present Trends and Challenges for the Future 501
Kenza Bahsaine, Hanane Benzeid, Nadia Zari, and Rachid Bouhfid

18.1 Introduction 501

18.2 Fundamentals of Biocomposites 502

18.3 Application of Biocomposites in Wastewater Treatment 519

18.4 Conclusion and Future Prospects 535

References 538

Index 553

Subject Areas: Chemistry [PN]

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