Section I. Biological significances of the bidirectional transcription in eukaryotic cells 2. Mitochondrial function and immune response-regulating factor-encoding gene promoters 3. DNA repair factor-encoding gene promoters 4. Regulation of non-coding RNA promoters 5. Parameters that determine the direction of transcription

Section II. Control of bidirectional promoters and the relevance to human diseases 6. Dysregulation of transcription and human diseases 7. Human proto-oncogene promoters

Section III. In silico and bioinformatic studies in gene expression system 8. Distal transcriptional enhancers and repressors of bidirectional promoters 9. The landscape of the repeated sequences in the human genome 10. Biological roles of loop structures

Section IV. Evolution of transcription system in eukaryotic cells 11. Are transposable elements enemies within? 12. Molecular mechanisms that have made bidirectional gene promoters