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Ball and Moore's Essential Physics for Radiographers
John L. Ball (Author), Adrian D. Moore (Author), Steve Turner (Author)
9781405161015, Wiley
Paperback / softback, published 23 April 2008
432 pages
24.1 x 17 x 2.8 cm, 0.748 kg
Since its first edition in 1980, Essential Physics for Radiographers has earned an international reputation as a clear and straightforward introduction to the physics of radiography. Now in its fourth edition, this book remains a core textbook for student radiographers. The authors have retained the pragmatic approach of earlier editions and continue to target the book particularly at those students who find physics a difficult subject to grasp. The fourth edition builds on the major revisions introduced in the third edition. The content has been updated to reflect recent advances in imaging technology. The chapter on Radiation Safety has been completely rewritten in the light of the latest changes in relevant legislation, and a re-examination of the physical principles underpinning magnetic resonance imaging forms the basis of a new chapter. Worked examples and calculations again feature strongly, and the innovative and popular Maths Help File, guides readers gently through the mathematical steps and concepts involved. The reference citations have been updated and now include Internet sources.
Preface ix How to use the Maths Help File xi 1 General Physics 1 2 Internal Energy, Temperature and Heat 14 3 Electricity 29 4 Atomic Structure 38 5 Electric Charge and Potential 55 6 Conduction and Storage of Electric Charges 67 7 Current Electricity 82 8 Magnetism and Electromagnetism 114 9 Electromagnetic Induction 132 10 Alternating Current 140 11 Thermionic Emission 162 12 X-Ray Tubes 169 13 Solid-State Devices 185 14 Electromagnetic Radiation 201 15 Light 224 16 X-Rays 245 17 Interaction of X-Rays and Gamma Rays with Matter 261 18 X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Interaction with Tissues 287 19 X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Measurements (Dosimetry) 295 20 Radioactivity and Radionuclide Imaging 315 21 Radiation Safety 337 22 Ultrasound 359 23 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 373 Appendix Maths Help File 381 References and Bibliography 394 Index 397
Energy. Matter. Relationship between energy and matter. Systems of units. Physical quantities.
Internal energy. Temperature. Heat. Conduction of heat. Convection of heat. Radiation of heat.
Frictional electricity. Types of electric charge. Electric force. Electric fields.
Elements and compounds. Atoms and molecules. Structure of the atom. Chemical behaviour of atoms. Post-Bohr ideas on atomic structure.
Electric charges. Electrical potential and potential difference. The electronvolt.
Band theory of electrical conduction. Storing electric charge.
Electric current. Circuit symbols. Potential difference. Resistance. Kirchhoff’s laws. Internal resistance. Electromotive force. Electrical energy and power. Charging capacitors. Discharging capacitors. Capacitors in series and in parallel. Applications of capacitors.
Laws of magnetic force. Force between magnetic poles. Magnetisation. Dia-, para- and ferromagnetism. Magnetic fields. Magnetic flux and flux density. Magnetic effect of electric current. Force on a current-carrying conductor. Moving coil meter.
Induced emf. Fleming’s right-hand rule. Electromagnetic induction in a coil. Laws of electromagnetic induction. Mutual induction. Self induction. Time constant.
Generation of alternating current (a.c.). Sinusoidal nature of a.c. Peak and effective values of a.c. Practical alternators. Mains power generation. A.C. circuit characteristics. Transformers. Transmission of power (National Grid).
Principle of thermionic emission. Thermionic emission in a vacuum tube.
Construction of simple X-ray tubes. Modern materials and X-ray tube design. Line focus principle. X-ray tube shield. Cooling ofX-ray tubes.
Properties of semiconductors. P–n junction diodes. Light-emitting diodes and photodiodes. Rectification in X-ray equipment. Transistors. Thyristors.
Origin of electromagnetic radiation. Modelling the behaviour of electromagnetic radiation. Wave theory of electromagnetic radiation. Quantum theory of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic spectrum. Spectral emission curves.
Brightness of light. Colour of light. Production of light. Photoelectric effect.
Production of X-rays. Quality and intensity of X-rays.
Transmission of X- or gamma rays through a medium. Processes of attenuation. Attenuation of heterogeneous beams.
Transmission of X- and gamma-ray beams through body tissues. Effects of scattered radiation on patient dose, staff dose and image quality.
Absorbed dose. Measurement of dose. Evaluation of beam quality.
Causes of radioactivity. Radioactive transformation processes. Radioactive decay rates. Production of radionuclides. Medical applications of radionuclides. Radionuclide imaging.
Introduction. Sources of radiation exposure. Biological effects of radiation. Principles of radiation protection. Practice of radiation safety. Personal monitoring.
Sound waves. Ultrasound. Ultrasound image production. Biological effects of ultrasound. Frequently asked questions.
Basic principles of magnetic resonance imaging. MRI equipment.
Subject Areas: Medicine: general issues [MB]
