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Aptamers in Bioanalysis
M. Mascini (Author)
9780470148303, Wiley
Hardback, published 3 April 2009
364 pages
24.3 x 16.3 x 2.3 cm, 0.626 kg
?This book provides descriptions of many applications of aptamers for biosensing, and for this reason, it is very useful and an interesting read.? (JACS , August 2009)
This is the first book to detail bioanalytical technologies and methods that have been developed using aptamers in analytical, medical, environmental, and food science applications. After an introduction to aptamers, aptamer targets, and their general uses, it discusses different applications with particular attention to the comparison between aptamer-based biosensors and methods versus the corresponding immunosensors. Examples of aptamer-based diagnostic techniques include whole-cell protein profiling (proteomics) and medical diagnostics for the distinction of diseased versus healthy states. This is a core reference for analytical chemists, electrochemists, pharmaceutical/medicinal chemists, biotechnologists, and others.
Preface xi Contributors xv I Introduction 1 Aptamers: Ligands for All Reasons 3 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 The Power of Selection and Aptamer Refinement 5 1.3 The Chemistry Drives the Shape 7 1.4 Aptaregulators 11 1.5 Aptasensors 15 1.6 Prospects 18 References 20 2 Selex and Its Recent Optimizations 31 2.1 Introduction 31 2.2 Aptamers and Their Selection by SELEX 32 2.3 Modifications of SELEX Technology 35 2.4 Advantages and Limitations of Aptamers and Their Selection Technology 41 2.5 Applications of Aptamers Being Developed for the Market 43 2.6 Future Perspectives 45 References 50 II Biosensors 3 Electrochemical Aptasensors 63 3.1 Introduction 63 3.2 Electrochemical Aptasensor Based on Redox-Active Aptamer Monolayers Linked to Electrodes 66 3.3 Enzyme-Based Amplified Electrochemical Aptasensors 69 3.4 Amplified Electrochemical Aptasensors Based on Nanoparticles 72 3.5 Label-Free Electrochemical Aptasensors 75 3.6 Field-Effect Transistor–Based Aptasensors 78 3.7 Conclusions and Perspectives 81 References 81 4 Aptamers: Hybrids Between Nature And Technology 87 4.1 Introduction 87 4.2 Specific Features of Aptamers 88 4.3 Electrochemical Detection of Nucleic Acids 88 4.4 Cytochrome c Binding by Aptamers 90 4.5 DNA Machines and Aptamers 92 References 98 5 Detection of Protein–aptamer Interactions By Means of Electrochemical Indicators And Transverse Shear Mode Method 101 5.1 Introduction 101 5.2 Immobilization of Aptamers on a Solid Support 102 5.3 Detection of Aptamer–Ligand Interactions 104 5.3.1 Electrochemical Methods 105 5.3.2 Acoustic Methods 117 5.4 Conclusions 124 References 125 6 Biosensors Using the Aptameric Enzyme Subunit: the Use of Aptamers in the Allosteric Control of Enzymes 129 6.1 Aptamers as Molecular Recognition Elements of Biosensors 129 6.1.1 Comparing Aptamers to Antibodies 129 6.1.2 Signaling Aptamers 131 6.2 Homogeneous Sensing 133 6.2.1 Biosensor Systems That Do Not Require Bound–Free Separation 133 6.2.2 Aptameric Enzyme Subunit 133 6.3 Evolution-mimicking Algorithm for the Improvement of Aptamers 136 References 137 7 Nanomaterial-based Label-free Aptasensors 139 7.1 Introduction 139 7.2 Label-Free Electrochemical Aptasensors 139 7.3 Field-Effect Transistor–Based Aptasensors 143 7.4 Label-Free Aptasensors Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance 147 7.5 Forthcoming Challenges and Concluding Remarks 151 References 151 8 Aptamer-based Bioanalytical Assays: Amplification Strategies 159 8.1 Introduction 159 8.2 Bioanalytical Assays Based on Aptamer-Functionalized Nanoparticles 160 8.3 Aptamers and Quantum Dot–Based Assays 164 8.4 Aptazymes and Aptamer-Based Machines 168 8.5 Polymerase Chain Reaction as an Amplification Method in Aptamer-Based Assays 173 8.6 Conclusions 176 References 177 III Applications 9 Kinetic Capillary Electrophoresis for Selection, Characterization, and Analytical Utilization of Aptamers 183 9.1 Introduction 183 9.1.1 Kinetic Capillary Electrophoresis 183 9.1.2 The Concept of NECEEM and ECEEM 185 9.2 Selection of Aptamers Using KCE Methods for Partitioning and Affinity Control 188 9.2.1 NECEEM-Based Selection of Aptamers 188 9.2.2 ECEEM-Based Selection of Aptamers 197 9.2.3 Optimization of PCR 198 9.2.4 Future of KCE Methods for Aptamer Selection 200 9.3 Measurements of Binding Parameters of Target–Aptamer Interaction by KCE Methods 200 9.3.1 Foundation 200 9.3.2 Temperature Control Inside the Capillary 202 9.3.3 Examples 203 9.4 Quantitative Affinity Analysis of a Target Using Aptamer as an Affinity Probe 205 9.4.1 Foundation 205 9.4.2 Example 208 9.5 Conclusions 209 References 210 10 Aptamers for Separation of Enantiomers 213 10.1 Introduction 213 10.2 Generation and Properties of Enantioselective Aptamers 214 10.3 Immobilized Aptamers for Enantiomeric Separation by Liquid Chromatography 215 10.3.1 Stationary-Phase Preparation and Column Packing 216 10.3.2 DNA Aptamer-Based CSPs 216 10.3.3 RNA Aptamer-Based CSPs and the Mirror-Image Strategy 217 10.3.4 Class-Specific Aptamer-Based CSPs 219 10.4 Aptamers for Analysis of Enantiomers by Capillary Electrophoresis 221 10.4.1 Aptamers as Chiral Additives in the Background Electrolyte for CE Enantiomeric Separation 221 10.4.2 Aptamers for the Design of an Affinity CE-Based Enantioselective Competitive Assay 223 10.5 Conclusions 226 References 226 11 Aptamer-modified Surfaces for Affinity Capture and Detection of Proteins in Capillary Electrophoresis and Maldi–mass Spectrometry 229 11.1 Introduction 229 11.2 Aptamer-Modified Capillaries in Affinity Capillary Electrophoresis 230 11.3 Aptamer-Modified Surfaces for Affinity MALDI-MS 232 11.3.1 Overview 232 11.3.2 Affinity MALDI-MS of Thrombin 233 11.3.3 Affinity MALDI-MS of IgE 235 11.3.4 Summary 242 11.4 Beyond Aptamers: Genome-Inspired DNA Binding Ligands 242 References 248 12 Strategy for Use of Smart Routes to Prepare Label-free Aptasensors for Bioassay Using Different Techniques 251 12.1 Introduction 251 12.2 Electrochemical Aptasensors 254 12.2.1 POSOALF Mode 254 12.2.2 PFSOALF Mode 257 12.2.3 Electrochemical Impedimetric Aptasensors 257 12.2.4 Electrochemical Aptasensors with Nonlabeled Redox Probes 263 12.3 Fluorescent Molecular Switches 265 12.3.1 POSFALF Mode 266 12.3.2 PFSFALF Mode 268 12.4 Colorimetry 272 12.4.1 POSFALF Mode 273 12.4.2 PFSFALF Mode 274 12.5 Hemin–Aptamer DNAzyme-Based Aptasensor 281 12.6 Liquid Chromatography, Electrochromatography, and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications 284 12.7 Other Aptasensors 290 12.8 Conclusions 290 References 290 Index 299
Jean-Jacques Toulmé, Jean-Pierre Daguer, and Eric Dausse
Beate Strehlitz and Regina Stoltenburg
Itamar Willner and Maya Zayats
Moritz K. Beissenhirtz, Eik Leupold, Walter Stöcklein, Ulla Wollenberger, Oliver Pänke, Fred Lisdat, and Frieder W. Scheller
Tibor Hianik
Kazunori Ikebukuro, Wataru Yoshida, and Koji Sode
Kagan Kerman and Eiichi Tamiya
Sara Tombelli, Maria Minunni, and Marco Mascini
Sergey N. Krylov
Corinne Ravelet and Eric Peyrin
Linda B. McGown
Bingling Li, Hui Wei, and Shaojun Dong
Subject Areas: Chemistry [PN]
