An Outpost of Colonialism
The Hispanic Community of Mérida, Yucatán, 1690–1730

Robert W. Patch (Author)

9781503641907

Hardback, published 11 March 2025

282 pages, 16 tables, 1 figure, 1 halftone
22.9 x 15.2 x 1.8 cm, 0.48 kg

"Robert Patch has spent decades studying the Mayan people of Yucatan and their relations with the Spanish colonizers who entered their world. Now he has bravely tackled the daunting—even distressing—task of writing about the power-wielding Spanish minority and the ways in which they kept their colonial mindset alive. The results are deeply illuminating."
—Camilla Townsend, Rutgers University "This important book is valuable for its historical reconstruction of the political, social, and economic elite of the colonial city of Mérida, Yucatán. Through an array of meticulously treated primary sources, Robert Patch tracks the ebb and flow of the city's elite and the social reproduction of Spanishness."
—Eric Van Young, University of California, San Diego

Using the categories of status, political power, and wealth, Robert W. Patch shows how Hispanic society in Mérida, Yucatán was stratified into upper, middle, and lower classes. Lacking any exportable resource except cotton textiles extracted from Maya people and exported to northern Mexico, the Hispanic community earned enough through those exports to import the material goods necessary to maintain a "Spanish" identity. The only productive economic activity of the Hispanic people was cattle ranching, and ownership of cattle was widespread, though some owned a lot more than others. Political participation was shared by the upper and middle classes, but a power elite dominated politics. Socially, people usually married within their social class and remained separate from the Maya population. The upper class, however, was not an endogamous caste descended from the conquistadors, but instead accepted wealthy people, including European immigrants, into their group. Basques, Cantabrians, and Canary Islanders tried to maintain their separate ethnicities but ultimately created a new "Spanish" identity, and many entered the upper class. Social mobility upward and downward was thus common in colonial Mérida. An Outpost of Colonialism illuminates this process of class formation and explains how the successful social reproduction of Hispanic society perpetuated the correlation between skin color (race) and social class.

1. A New Year's Eve to Remember: A Prologue and Introduction
2. The City: The Founding and Establishment of Mérida
3. Death: Dying, Love, and Catholic Culture
4. Life: Status, Relationships, and Children
5. Migration: People in Motion
6. Immigrants and Society: Social Lives and Behavior
7. Social Status: Class and Political Power
8. Class and Wealth: Ranchers and the Urban Market
9. Rival Factions: Political Conflict in Mérida
Conclusion. America, Yucatán, Mérida