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African Americans in U.S. Foreign Policy
From the Era of Frederick Douglass to the Age of Obama
Linda Heywood (Edited by), Allison Blakely (Edited by), Charles Stith (Edited by), Joshua C. Yesnowitz (Edited by), Walter C Carrington (Contributions by)
9780252038877
Hardback, published 10 February 2015
264 pages, 3 black and white photographs
22.9 x 15.2 x 2.3 cm, 0.54 kg
Bookended by remarks from African American diplomats Walter C. Carrington and Charles Stith, the essays in this volume use close readings of speeches, letters, historical archives, diaries, memoirs of policymakers, and newly available FBI files to confront much-neglected questions related to race and foreign relations in the United States. Why, for instance, did African Americans profess loyalty and support for the diplomatic initiatives of a nation that undermined their social, political, and economic well-being through racist policies and cultural practices? Other contributions explore African Americans' history in the diplomatic and consular services and the influential roles of cultural ambassadors like Joe Louis and Louis Armstrong. The volume concludes with an analysis of the effects on race and foreign policy in the administration of Barack Obama. Groundbreaking and critical, African Americans in U.S. Foreign Policy expands on the scope and themes of recent collections to offer the most up-to-date scholarship to students in a range of disciplines, including U.S. and African American history, Africana studies, political science, and American studies.
Acknowledgments
vii
Preface: Reflections of a Black Ambassador
Walter C. Carrington
ix
Introduction
1
Part I: Early African American Diplomatic Appointments: Contributions and Constraints
1
Blacks in the U.S. Diplomatic and Consular Services, 1869-1924
Allison Blakely
13
2
A New Negro Foreign Policy: The Critical Vision of Alain Locke and Ralph Bunche
Jeffrey C. Stewart
30
3
Carl Rowan and the Dilemma of Civil Rights, Propaganda, and the Cold War
Michael L. Krenn
58
Part II: African American Participation in Foreign Affairs through Civil Society: Religious, Military, and Cultural Institutions in Foreign Policy
4
Reconstructions' Revival: The Foreign Mission Board of the National Baptist Convention and the Roots of Black Populist Diplomacy
Brandi Hughes
83
5
White Shame/Black Agency: Race as a Weapon in Post-World War I Diplomacy
Very Ingrid Grant
109
6
Goodwill Ambassadors: African American Athletes and U.S. Cultural Diplomacy, 1947-1968
Damion Thomas
129
7
The Paradox of Jazz Diplomacy: Race and Culture in the Cold War
Lisa Davenport
140
Part III: The Advent of the Age of Obama: African Americans and the Making of American Foreign Policy
8
African American Representatives in the United Nations: From Ralph Bunche to Susan Rice
Lorenzo Morris
177
9
Obama, African Americans, and Africans: The Double Vision
Ibrahim Sundiata
200
Epilogue: The Impact of African Americans on U.S. Foreign Policy
Charles R. Stith
213
Contributors
225
Index
231