{"product_id":"when-computers-went-to-sea-the-digitization-of-the-united-states-navy-paperback-softback-9780471472209","title":"When Computers Went to Sea; The Digitization of the United States Navy (Paperback \/ softback) 9780471472209","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eWhen Computers Went to Sea\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eThe Digitization of the United States Navy\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eDavid L. Boslaugh (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9780471472209, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003ePaperback \/ softback, published 10 April 2003\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e496 pages\u003cbr\u003e23.8 x 18.9 x 2.6 cm, 0.855 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eWhen Computers Went to Sea explores the history of the United States Navy's secret development of code-breaking computers and their adaptation to solve a critical fleet radar data handling problem in the Navy's first seaborne digital computer system - that went to sea in 1962. This is the only book written on the United States Navy's initial application of shipboard digital computers to naval warfare.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Considered one of the most successful projects ever undertaken by the US Navy, the Naval Tactical Data System (NTDS) was the subject of numerous studies attempting to pinpoint the reason for the systems inordinate success in the face of seemingly impossible technical challenges and stiff resistance from some in the military. The system's success precipitated a digital revolution in naval warfare systems.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Dave Boslaugh details the innovations developed by the NTDS project managers including: project management techniques, modular digital hardware for ship systems, top-down modular computer programming techniques, innovative computer program documentation, and other novel real-time computer system concepts.\u003cbr\u003e \u003cbr\u003e Automated military systems users and developers, real-time process control systems designers, automated system project managers, and digital technology history students will find this account of a United States military organization's initial foray into computerization interesting and thought provoking.\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 Radar—New Eyes for the Fleet 5\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeginnings of Radar 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMay Day—24 October 1944 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCreation of Radar in the U.S. Navy 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStart of the Naval Research Laboratory Radio Location P r o j e c t . . . 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTracking Projectiles in Flight—The Battleship New York Tests . . . 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Plan Position Indicator 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Baby Gets a Name 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMass Production 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLondon—An Easy Target 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChain Home 16\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLearning to Use Radar at Sea 19\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Most Valuable Cargo 21\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRadar at War in the Pacific 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMcNally's Day of Infamy 26\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAboard Lexington 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAboard the Flying Boats 33\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Fighter Director Officers 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCXAM in Action 37\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRest in Peace CXAM 39\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe CXAM Lives On 41\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTurning Point for McNally 42\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvolution of the Combat Information Center 44\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Kamikazes 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivine Wind 49\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFloating Chrysanthemum 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 A Lingering Problem 53\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLegacy of the Kamikazes 53\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLegacy of Radar . 54\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems 55\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuest for Solutions 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheThreeTs 57\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Guided Missile Frigates 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToo Much Data and Not Enough Information 61\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThree Digital Attempts 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Canadian Navy's Digital Automated Tracking and Resolving System 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly Digital Experiments at the Navy Electronics Laboratory 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Semi-Automatic Air Intercept Control System 65\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrouble with Analogs 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Royal Navy Comprehensive Display System 66\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNRL's Electronic Data System 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Intercept Tracking and Control Console 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProject COSMOS 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProject CORNFIELD 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 The Codebreaking Computers—A Digital Solution 71\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Navy Codebreakers 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Place Named Seesaw 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Steam to Electrons 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Machine Named Ice Cream 73\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Naval Computing Machine Laboratory 76\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Computer Named von Neumann 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eENIAC 77\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEDVAC 79\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Navy Computers 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Gliders to Codebreaking Machines 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Moore School Lectures 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWHIRLWIND 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAtlas is Built 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Hint of Scandal 98\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUNIVAC Persists 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWHIRLWIND and SAGE 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWHIRLWIND Saved by the Soviets 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChain Home a Thousand Times Over 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnetic Donuts for WHIRLWIND 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSAGE Goes into Production 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSAGE in Operation 106\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Tubes to Transistors 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMagnetic Donuts for Atlas II 107\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Undercapitalization Syndrome at ERA 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe Can Do it With Transistors 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBOGART 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEnter the Transistor 110\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSOLO, The All-Transistorized Computer 112\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMAGSTEC and TRANSTEC 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eATHENA 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Conception of a New System 117\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProject Lamplight—Conception of a New System 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eContinental Air Defense Coordination? 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMcNally's Mission 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne of Us is Wrong, Mac 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Good Man to Have on Your Side 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Concept to Technology—The NTDS Technical and Operational Requirements\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDocument 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eI Have Just the Man You Need 121\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuilding Blocks for Growth 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Digital Frankenstein Monster? 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral-Purpose or Special-Purpose Computers? 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuilt to Go in Harm's Way 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarrying the Digital to the Analog 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDrums or Magnetic Cores? 127\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutomatic Communications 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOPNAVBuysIt 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Building a New System 131\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWho Should Build the System? 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProject Organization 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe NTDS Project Office 134\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupport from the BUSHIPS Technical Organization 136\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Special Applications Branch 137\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Radar Branch 139\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStaffing the Project Office 140\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAn Evolving Modus Operandi 146\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Chief of Naval Operations Project Office 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNavy Electronics Laboratory Role 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Computer With a Dipstick 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection of Univac 156\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConception of the Unit Computer 159\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe AN\/USQ-17 Prototype Computer 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTurmoil in a Young Industry 164\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuilding the Unit Computers 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFuzzy Scopes and Elliptical Circles 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection of Hughes Aircraft 168\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLike No Cathode Ray Tubes Ever Seen Before 170\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMore Than Just Displays 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuilding Blocks 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrials and Tribulations of Transistors 173\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComputers on the Airwaves 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Link—The Primary Long Range Tactical Data Link 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelection of Collins Radio 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom Digits to Music 178\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB Link—For Those Without 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Interceptor Control Link . 181\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC Link—The UHF Short Range Tactical Data Link 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDigits in an Analog World 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDeveloping the Operational Computer Program 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA New Thing Under the Sun 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWho Should Build the Seagoing Operational Computer Programs? 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReal-Programmers Write in Machine Language 185\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReal-Programmers Do Not Need to Document Their Programs 187\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuilding the Prototype Computer Program 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProgramming a Real-Time Computer 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst Steps 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eForce Tracking and Data Linking 190\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTEWA 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterceptor Control 195\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Stores 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA System that Never Sailed 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Fleet Comes In 207\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 No Damned Computer Is Going To Tell Me What To Do 211\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGetting the Ships 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Guided Missile Frigates 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot on Our Ship!—How Oriskany Was Won 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eReady or Not, I Want it on the Nuclear-Powered Ships 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Billboard Radars 213\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLong Beach and Enterprise 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBuilding for Service Test 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Q-17 Does Not Make It 216\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Purple Plague 221\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe NTDS Interface Specification 228\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGood Bye to the Cigarette Lighter 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eService Test Communications Subsystems 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eService Test Computer Programs 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNew Faces in the Project Office 234\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eService Test Installation 238\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo Damned Computer 241\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eService Test 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGetting Ready for Service Test 245\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Navy Meets the Software Monster 249\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere Did All Those Tracks Come From? 250\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIf You Don't Have a Sense of Humor, Don't Use Computers 252\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHell, It Don't Hardly Ever Fail Sir! 253\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSaved by Equipment Reliability 255\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eService Approval 258\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSo What Did They Get for the Money? 259\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoney Spent 260\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat Was the End Product? 263\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 In the Air, on Land, and Sea 267\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn the Land as on the Sea—The Marine Tactical Data System 267\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Amphibious Force Flagships 272\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHawkeye and the Airborne Tactical Data System 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdvent of USN Airborne Early Warning Radar 274\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHawkeye 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe E-2A 'Hawkeye' Airborne Early Warning Aircraft 276\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheE-2B Hawkeye 281\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTheE-2C Hawkeye 282\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDigitizing the Antisubmarine Airplanes 283\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Navies and NTDS 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Royal Navy and ADA 284\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNew Names for NTDS 291\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 New Horizons for Tactical Computers 297\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst Production 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst-Production Ships 297\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFirst-Production NTDS Equipment 298\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Watch Changes 302\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMaybe these Digital Computers are Good for Something After All 305\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo Kid Named Joe Randolph 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTroubles with the Three Ts 315\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeconds are Precious—Weapons Direction System Mark 11 and the AN\/SPS-48 Radar 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Birth of Weapons Direction System Mark 11 317\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGenesis of the AN\/SPS-48 Radar 319\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo Kid Named Joe Randolph is Going to Tell Me How to Run my Business 322\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMare Island, the Testing Ground 324\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShoehorning a New System into Wainwright 325\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLife in Main Navy 327\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Anti-Submarine Warfare Ship Command and Control System 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Requirement 330\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Concept for Automating Anti-Submarine Warfare 333\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNew Link 11 Equipment 334\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA New Display Subsystem 335\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalog Leaves Center Stage 337\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eASWSC\u0026amp;CS Aftermath 338\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTime to Go Competitive? 339\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe System Evolves 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAutomatic Detection and Tracking 340\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Large Screen Display? 342\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Twilight of the Analogs 347\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Combat 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEarly NTDS and ATDS Deployment in Vietnam 347\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnPIRAZ 349\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Beacon Video Processor 350\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Marine Tactical Data System in Vietnam 352\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterceptor Control and Missile Operations 354\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNTDS Vietnam Summary 355\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGive Us More Memory! 356\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Fleet Goes Digital 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe First Wave 357\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Second Wave 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNew Computers for New Purposes 358\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, 32 Bits—The AN\/UYK-7 Computer 360\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoving on to Digital Weapons Control 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorking Out the Fundamentals 361\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDigital Talos 362\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDigital Tartar 364\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDigital Terrier 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eClosing the Loop 365\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Guns Go Digital 366\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Line of Standards 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLast Decade of the Analogs 367\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eToo Many Computers! 368\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Standard Minicomputer 370\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Navy Embedded Computer Program 372\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Politics of Computers 377\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eShield of the Fleet 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Advanced Surface Missile System 378\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrom ASMS to Aegis 384\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMore Boundary Line Adjustments 386\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eProblems of Success 388\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA New Name 389\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDo Old Computers Ever Die? 393\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSummary 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eLegacy of NTDS 394\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecognition 395\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHow Could They Possibly Have Succeeded? 397\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA Joint Electronics Equipment Designation System 401\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eB Table of Acronyms and Abbreviations 405\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eC Univac NTDS Organization, December 1,1959 415\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBibliography 421\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 441\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Computer science [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Computer science\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Computer%20science%20%5BUY%5D%22\"\u003eUY\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley-IEEE Computer Society Pr","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52293486018840,"sku":"9780471472209","price":63.28,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9780471472209.jpg?v=1781641847","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/when-computers-went-to-sea-the-digitization-of-the-united-states-navy-paperback-softback-9780471472209","provider":"Freshly Printed Books","version":"1.0","type":"link"}