{"product_id":"troubleshooting-vacuum-systems-steam-turbine-surface-condensers-and-refinery-vacuum-towers-hardback-9781118290347","title":"Troubleshooting Vacuum Systems; Steam Turbine Surface Condensers and Refinery Vacuum Towers (Hardback) 9781118290347","description":"\u003cfont face=\"Georgia\"\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"6\"\u003eTroubleshooting Vacuum Systems\u003c\/font\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\r\n\u003cfont size=\"5\"\u003eSteam Turbine Surface Condensers and Refinery Vacuum Towers\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"4\"\u003eNorman P. Lieberman (Author)\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e9781118290347, Wiley\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eHardback, published 11 January 2013\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e280 pages\u003cbr\u003e24.3 x 16.1 x 1.9 cm, 0.522 kg\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003cp align=\"justify\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVacuum systems are in wide spread use in the petrochemical plants, petroleum refineries and power generation plants. The existing texts on this subject are theoretical in nature and only deal with how the equipment functions when in good mechanical conditions, from the viewpoint of the equipment vendor. Also, the existing texts fail to consider the interaction of the vacuum system with the process equipment it serves and the variability of the motive steam conditions, change in cooling water temperature condenser fouling and \u003ci\u003eerosion\u003c\/i\u003e of the ejectors.\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHere are some of the many questions answered in this groundbreaking volume:\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003eWhy does my first stage jet make a surging sound during hot weather?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWhy does the vacuum suddenly break?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eI've seen moisture condensing on the jet's body! What’s causing that?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWhy do I have to steam-out the drain legs from our condensers?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eSuperheated steam is making our vacuum worse. Is this normal?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eHow can I locate and measure air leaks?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eReducing the steam pressure to my jets improves vacuum. But why?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eI can't pull the pre-condenser bundle. The shell side is fouling. What should I do?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWe're not getting our normal horsepower from our steam turbine. Could this be a jet problem?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRaising the seal drum level improves vacuum! Is there an explanation for this?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eOur turbine exhaust steam pressure to our surface condenser has doubled in the last two years. What should we do?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eRestricting cooling water flow from our elevated condensers improves vacuum! Is this possible?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWhat's a converging-diverging ejector all about?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003cli\u003eWhat's the difference between a barometric condenser and a surface condenser? Which is better?\u003c\/li\u003e \u003c\/ul\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/strong\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePreface xiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIntroduction xv\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinition of Terms xix\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther Books by Author xxiii\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1 How Jets Work 1\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.1 The Converging-Diverging Ejector 1\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.2 Interaction of Steam Nozzle with Converging-Diverging Diffuser 5\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.3 Compression Ratio 6\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.4 Converging-Diverging Ejector 7\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.5 Velocity Boost 9\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.6 Surging 10\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.7 Critical Discharge Pressure 11\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.8 Observing the Conversion of Heat to Velocity 12\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.9 Jet Discharge Pressure 13\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.10 Reducing Primary-Jet Discharge Pressure 14\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11 Bypassing First Stage Ejectors 15\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2 Making Field Measurements 17\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Getting Started 17\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 How to Unscrew Steel Plugs 23\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.3 Effect of Barometric Pressure on Indicated Vacuum 24\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Use of Piccolo 25\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Measuring Deep Vacuums using an Hg Manometer 27\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.6 Measurement of a Deep Vacuum without Mercury 28\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.7 Measuring Condensibles in Feed to First Stage Ejector 30\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.8 Identifying Loss of Sonic Boost by Sound 31\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 Identifying Air Leaks 32\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.10 Air Leaks in Flanges 34\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.11 Vacuum Measurement Units 35\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 Tabulation of Vacuum System Malfunctions 39\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 Tidal Flop in Delaware 40\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.2 Critical Discharge Pressure 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.3 Fouling in Final Condenser 43\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.4 Reduction in Back Pressure 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.5 Loss of LVGO Pan Level 45\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 Variations in Cooling Water Temperature 47\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 Multi-Component Malfunctions 50\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 Partial Tabulation of Vacuum System Malfunctions 51\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4 Effect of Water Partial Pressure on Jet Efficiency 55\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 Vapor Pressure of Water Limits Vacuum 56\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 Reminder about Water Partial Pressure 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 Air Leaks in Steam Turbine Surface Condensers 59\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.4 Variable Cooling Water Temperature 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 Loss of Sonic Boost 60\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.6 Relative Jet Efficiency 62\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 Definition of \"Vacuum Breaking\" 63\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.8 Critical Discharge Pressure Exceeded 64\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 Air Leaks 67\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.1 Upper Explosive Limits 67\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.2 How to Find Air Leaks 68\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.3 Diffuser Air Leaks 69\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.4 Air Leaks on Vacuum Towers 70\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.5 Air Leaks in Heater Transfer Lines 71\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.6 Air Leaks - Turbine Mechanical Seal 72\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6 Sources and Disposal of Hydrocarbon Off-Gas 75\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.1 Evolution of Cracked Gas 75\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2 Sources of Cracked Gas 78\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.3 Cracked Gas Evolution from Boot 80\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.4 Air Equivalent 81\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.5 Overloading Vacuum Jets 84\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.6 Excess Cracked Gas Flow 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.7 Field Checking Gas Flow Meter in Vacuum Service 85\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.8 Surging 3rd Stage Jet Bogs Down Primary Jet 89\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.9 Exchanger Leaks Overloads Jets 90\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.10 Poor Vacuum Tower Feed Stripping 92\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.11 Level Connection Purges and Pump Mechanical Seal Gas 94\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.12 Effect of Heater Outlet Temperature 95\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13 Extracting H2S from Vacuum Tower Off-Gas Upstream of Ejectors 97\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.14 Disposal of Seal Drum Off-Gas 99\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.15 Fouling of Waste Gas Burner 100\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7 Motive Steam Conditions 101\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 Effect of Wet Steam 102\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.2 Water in Motive Steam 103\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.3 The Tale of Weak Steam 104\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.4 Internal Freezing of Steam Nozzle 105\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.5 High Pressure, Superheated Motive Steam 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.6 Effect of Moisture Content of Saturated Steam on Temperature 108\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.7 Steam Pressure Affects Vacuum 109\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.8 Effect of Superheated Steam 111\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8 Mechanical Defects of Ejectors 113\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.1 Steam Nozzle Testing 113\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.2 Other Mechanical Defects of Jets 114\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.3 Fouled Steam Nozzles 117\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4 Diffuser Erosion 118\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5 Repair of Ejector Body 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6 Changing Worn Steam Nozzles 119\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.7 Restoring Critical Flow 120\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9 Condenser Fouling and Cleaning 123\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.1 Fouling Mechanism in Condensers for Refinery Vacuum Towers 123\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.2 Fouling Due to Chemical Additives 124\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.3 Minimizing Condenser Fouling in Vacuum Towers 125\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.4 Fouled Pre-condenser 126\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.5 Fixed Tube Sheet Condensers 128\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.6 Cleaning Condensers On-Stream 129\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.7 Optimum Condenser Bundle Configuration 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.8 Chemically Cleaning Condensers 130\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.9 Ball Cleaning Condenser Tubes 131\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.10 Corrosion Control by Better Desalting 132\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10 Pressure Control of Vacuum Towers 135\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.1 Positive Feedback Loop 141\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11 Condenser Cooling Water Flow 143\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.1 Cooling Water Flow Configuration 143\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.2 Air Evolving from Cooling Water Reduces Cooling Water Flow 145\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.3 Cooling Water Pressure to Surface Condensers 148\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.4 Tube Leaks 149\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12 Condensate Back-Up in Condensers 151\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.1 Undersized Condenser Drain Nozzle 153\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2 Seal Drum Level Indication 155\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.3 Leaking Gauge Glass on Surface Condenser Boot 157\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.4 Condensate Pump Cavitation Due to Air Leaks 161\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.5 Condensate Back-Up in Surface Condenser Boot 162\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.6 Experiment with Condensate Back-Up 165\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.7 Condensate Back-Up 166\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13 Seal Leg Drainage 169\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.1 Sludge Accumulation in Seal Drum 169\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.2 Seal Leg Leak Inside Seal Drum 171\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.3 Seal Leg Flange Leak Outside Seal Drum 174\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.4 Seal Leg Design 177\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.5 Inadequate Seal Leg Length for Hydrocarbons 180\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.6 Inadequate Seal Leg Capacity 182\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.7 High Back-Pressure from Seal Drum 183\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.8 Detecting Condensate Back-Up in Seal Legs 184\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.9 Condensate Back-Up Due to Air Leak in Barometric Drain Line 186\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.10 Seal Drum Design 188\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.11 Seal Drum Fills with Corrosive Deposits 189\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.12 Seal Drum Design Tips 193\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.13 An Unfortunate Incident 194\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14 Other Types of Vacuum Equipment 197\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.1 Hogging Jets 197\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.2 Use of Hogging Jet on Surface Condenser 198\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.3 Liquid Seal Ring Compressors 200\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.4 Gas Ejectors 202\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.5 Liquid Ejectors 203\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6 Ejector Compression Efficiency 204\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15 Air Baffle and Impingement Plate in Surface Condensers 205\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.1 Mechanical Configuration of Seal Strips 206\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.2 Corroded Brass Seal Strips 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.3 Air or Vapor Baffle Leak 208\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.4 Identifying Defective Seal Strips 209\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.5 Air Baffle Clearance 211\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.6 Fouling Mechanism in Vacuum Tower Surface Condensers 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.7 Surface Condenser Impingement Plate 212\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.8 Oversized Impingement Plate 214\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e15.9 Impingement Plates as Vapor Distributors 215\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16 Optimizing Vacuum Tower Operation 217\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.1 Steam to Heater Passes 218\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.2 LVGO Pan Level Loss Causes a Loss in Vacuum 220\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.3 Carry-Over of LVGO Pumparound Spray 226\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.4 Optimizing Vacuum Tower Top Temperature 227\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.5 Plugged Vacuum Tower Top Demister 229\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e16.6 Bypassing Primary Ejector 232\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17 Frequently Asked Questions 233\u003c\/b\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e17.1 Vacuum Systems 233\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Norm Lieberman DVD\/Video Library 243\u003c\/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndex 247\u003c\/p\u003e\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cfont size=\"3\"\u003eSubject Areas: Industrial chemistry \u0026amp; manufacturing technologies [\u003ca title=\"See our other books on Industrial chemistry \u0026amp; manufacturing technologies\" href=\"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/search?q=%22Industrial%20chemistry%20\u0026amp;%20manufacturing%20technologies%20%5BTD%5D%22\"\u003eTD\u003c\/a\u003e]\u003c\/font\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\r\n\r\n\r\n\u003c\/font\u003e","brand":"Wiley-Scrivener","offers":[{"title":"Brand New","offer_id":52417763705112,"sku":"9781118290347","price":124.99,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0730\/2037\/5320\/files\/9781118290347.jpg?v=1784507365","url":"https:\/\/freshlyprintedbooks.co.uk\/products\/troubleshooting-vacuum-systems-steam-turbine-surface-condensers-and-refinery-vacuum-towers-hardback-9781118290347","provider":"Freshly Printed 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